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Chapter 8: Recognizing and Respecting the Rights of All
24 problems · 0 figures8-1 §8.1 source ↗
Diversity and inclusion at all levels of a private-sector company is ________.
- a.mandated by federal law
- b.the approach preferred by many companies
- c.required by state law in thirty states
- d.contrary to the company's fiduciary duty to stockholders
Answer
B. the approach preferred by many companies
8-2 §8.1 source ↗
Google ________.
- a.has the most diverse workforce of any major U.S. company
- b.uses a strict quota system in its hiring practices
- c.is similar to other technology companies, most of which lag on diversity
- d.promotes women at higher rates than men
Answer
C. is similar to other technology companies, most of which lag on diversity
8-3 §8.1 source ↗
Diversity programs may fail due to resistance from employees within a company.
- a.True
- b.False
Answer
A. True
8-4 §8.1 source ↗
Studies have been conducted on the financial performance of companies with high levels of diversity. Briefly discuss the results of such studies.
Answer
Studies indicate that the financial performance of companies with a diverse workforce is above average for their industries. The McKinsey and Company study noted in the chapter found that companies featuring great diversity in their workforces typically enjoyed earnings between 15 and 35 percent greater than their respective US industry medians.
8-5 §8.1 source ↗
Since the passage of federal laws such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the percentage of women in leadership positions has improved but not reached parity with that of men. Briefly discuss the percentage of women in leadership positions in different industries and what might be some of the benefits of improving the representation of women.
Answer
The percentage of women in leadership positions remains much lower than for men, generally less than 20 percent of positions. The benefits of greater gender diversity in the workforce include improved internal relationships and employee morale and more effective internal and external communication. Studies have also shown that companies in the top 25 percent for executive and/or board diversity had returns on equity more than 50 percent higher than those companies that ranked in the lowest 25 percent.
8-6 §8.2 source ↗
The primary law prohibiting religious discrimination in the private sector workplace is ________.
- a.the First Amendment of the Constitution
- b.state law
- c.Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
- d.the Declaration of Independence
Answer
C. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
8-7 §8.2 source ↗
If an ADA accommodation is significantly expensive, ________.
- a.the courts may rule that it is not reasonable
- b.the courts may rule that it must be provided anyway
- c.the EEOC guidelines do not apply
- d.the federal government must subsidize the expense
Answer
A. the courts may rule that it is not reasonable
8-8 §8.2 source ↗
There are no similarities between legal protections in the workplace for religion and disability.
- a.True
- b.False
Answer
B. False
8-9 §8.2 source ↗
The primary law prohibiting discrimination against disabled workers is the ADA. What is its main requirement?
Answer
The ADA's main requirement is that employers make reasonable accommodations for applicants and workers with disabilities to allow them to perform the essential functions of the job.
8-10 §8.2 source ↗
Religious apparel and/or appearance are protected under Title VII’s umbrella of religious nondiscrimination. Give an example.
Answer
One example of religious apparel that is protected under Title VII is Muslim women’s head scarves, which, in most situations, they may wear.
8-11 §8.3 source ↗
Are individual states allowed to have laws protecting LGBTQ applicant or employee rights?
- a.Yes, but it is not really necessary because federal law already protects them.
- b.No, because it would violate federal law, which prohibits it.
- c.Yes, some states extend this protection because there is no law at the federal level.
- d.No, because the Supreme Court ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges now protects these rights.
Answer
C. Yes, some states extend this protection because there is no law at the federal level.
8-12 §8.3 source ↗
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation.
- a.True
- b.False
Answer
B. False
8-13 §8.3 source ↗
Federal law does not currently protect LGBTQ applicants from discrimination in hiring. Are there any applicable state laws that do so?
Answer
Yes. Approximately half of U.S. states have local laws that provide protection even though federal law does not; however, some of those states prohibit sexual orientation discrimination only in public workplaces, not private ones.
8-14 §8.3 source ↗
Though federal law does not mandate it, do some companies nevertheless allow LGBTQ employees to extend insurance coverage to partners?
Answer
Yes. The law does not mandate or prohibit extending benefits to LGBTQ partners; it is up to the company.
8-15 §8.4 source ↗
As of 2018, the current federal minimum wage is _______.
- a.$7.25 per hour
- b.$10 per hour
- c.$12.50 per hour
- d.$15 per hour
Answer
A. $7.25 per hour
8-16 §8.4 source ↗
The middle class in the United States ________.
- a.has steadily increased every year since World War II
- b.has steadily declined every year since 1990
- c.shows a significant decline since 2000
- d.has grown since the recession of 2008
Answer
C. shows a significant decline since 2000
8-17 §8.4 source ↗
The percentage of income earned by the top 1 percent of households in the United States has more than doubled since the early 1980s.
- a.True
- b.False
Answer
A. True
8-18 §8.4 source ↗
Hiring a worker as an independent contractor saves an employer about 30 percent of the cost of an employee in benefits. Identify one or two of these benefits.
Answer
Independent contractors are not covered by workers' compensation or unemployment insurance or health insurance coverage.
8-19 §8.4 source ↗
Do some states have laws mandating a higher wage than the federal minimum?
Answer
Yes. A state can set its own minimum wage higher than the federal level. Currently, twenty-nine states do so.
8-20 §8.5 source ↗
Laws protecting animal rights in cosmetic testing are ________.
- a.more advanced in the United States than in the European Union
- b.more advanced in the European Union than in the United States
- c.more advanced in Asia than in the United States
- d.more advanced in Asia than in the European Union
Answer
B. more advanced in the European Union than in the United States
8-21 §8.5 source ↗
Alternatives to animal testing for cancer drugs ________.
- a.do not exist
- b.exist but are prohibitively expensive
- c.exist and are not any more expensive than animal testing
- d.exist and are far cheaper than animal testing
Answer
C. exist and are not any more expensive than animal testing
8-22 §8.5 source ↗
Cosmetics manufacturing is an area where testing with synthetic human skin is an acceptable substitute for animal testing.
- a.True
- b.False
Answer
A. True
8-23 §8.5 source ↗
There are not yet viable alternatives to animal testing in medical research.
- a.True
- b.False
Answer
B. False
8-24 §8.5 source ↗
Generally, Europe has more restrictions on animal testing than does the United States. How does this affect U.S. companies?
Answer
U.S. companies lose sales abroad because they cannot sell products that were tested on animals in the European Union markets.
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Problems and answers are adapted from Business Ethics by Stephen M. Byars and Kurt Stanberry, OpenStax, and are used under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/business-ethics/pages/1-introduction. Illustrations: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This adaptation is released under the same licence, is non-commercial, and is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by OpenStax or Rice University.