Every problem in the chapter beside the book’s answer, a chapter at a time as you scroll.

Chapter 7: Systems of Equations and Inequalities

347 problems · 12 figures

Try It #2 §7.1 source ↗

Determine whether the ordered pair ( 8,5 ) is a solution to the following system.

5x−4y=20 2x+1=3y

Answer

Not a solution.

Try It #3 §7.1 source ↗

Solve the following system of equations by graphing.

2x−5y=−25 −4x+5y=35

Answer

The solution to the system is the ordered pair ( −5,3 ).

A graph displays two intersecting lines. The blue line represents the equation y = (4/5)x + 7, and the orange line represents y = (2/5)x + 5. They intersect at the point (-5, 3).

Try It #4 §7.1 source ↗

Solve the following system of equations by substitution.

x=y+3 4=3x−2y

Answer

( −2,−5 )

Try It #5 §7.1 source ↗

Solve the system of equations by addition.

2x−7y=2 3x+y=−20

Answer

( −6,−2 )

Try It #6 §7.1 source ↗

Solve the system of equations by addition.

2x+3y=83x+5y=10

Answer

( 10,−4 )

Try It #7 §7.1 source ↗

Solve the following system of equations in two variables.

2y−2x=2 2y−2x=6

Answer

No solution. It is an inconsistent system.

Try It #8 §7.1 source ↗

Solve the following system of equations in two variables.

   y−2x=5 −3y+6x=−15

Answer

The system is dependent so there are infinite solutions of the form (x,2x+5).

Try It #9 §7.1 source ↗

Meal tickets at the circus cost $4.00 for children and $12.00 for adults. If 1,650 meal tickets were bought for a total of $14,200, how many children and how many adults bought meal tickets?

Answer

700 children, 950 adults

7.1-1 §7.1 source ↗

Can a system of linear equations have exactly two solutions? Explain why or why not.

Answer

No, you can either have zero, one, or infinitely many. Examine graphs.

7.1-3 §7.1 source ↗

If you are solving a break-even analysis and get a negative break-even point, explain what this signifies for the company?

Answer

This means there is no realistic break-even point. By the time the company produces one unit they are already making profit.

7.1-5 §7.1 source ↗

Given a system of equations, explain at least two different methods of solving that system.

Answer

You can solve by substitution (isolating x or y ), graphically, or by addition.

7.1-7 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, determine whether the given ordered pair is a solution to the system of equations.

−3x−5y=13 −x+4y=10 and (−6,1)

Answer

Yes

7.1-9 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, determine whether the given ordered pair is a solution to the system of equations.

−2x+5y=7 2x+9y=7 and (−1,1)

Answer

Yes

7.1-11 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by substitution.

x+3y=5 2x+3y=4

Answer

(−1,2)

7.1-13 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by substitution.

4x+2y=−10 3x+9y=0

Answer

(−3,1)

7.1-15 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by substitution.

−2x+3y=1.2 −3x−6y=1.8

Answer

( − 3 5 ,0 )

7.1-17 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by substitution.

3x+5y=9 30x+50y=−90

Answer

No solutions exist.

7.1-19 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by substitution.

1 2 x+ 1 3 y=16 1 6 x+ 1 4 y=9

Answer

( 72 5 , 132 5 )

7.1-21 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by addition.

−2x+5y=−42 7x+2y=30

Answer

( 6,−6 )

7.1-23 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by addition.

5x−y=−2.6 −4x−6y=1.4

Answer

( − 1 2 , 1 10 )

7.1-25 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by addition.

−x+2y=−1 5x−10y=6

Answer

No solutions exist.

7.1-27 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by addition.

5 6 x+ 1 4 y=0 1 8 x− 1 2 y=− 43 120

Answer

( − 1 5 , 2 3 )

7.1-29 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by addition.

−0.2x+0.4y=0.6 x−2y=−3

Answer

( x, x+3 2 )

7.1-31 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by any method.

5x+9y=16 x+2y=4

Answer

(−4,4)

7.1-33 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by any method.

5x−2y=2.25 7x−4y=3

Answer

( 1 2 , 1 8 )

7.1-35 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by any method.

7x−4y= 7 6 2x+4y= 1 3

Answer

( 1 6 ,0 )

7.1-37 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by any method.

7 3 x− 1 6 y=2 − 21 6 x+ 3 12 y=−3

Answer

( x,2(7x−6) )

7.1-39 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by any method.

2.2x+1.3y=−0.1 4.2x+4.2y=2.1

Answer

( − 5 6 , 4 3 )

7.1-41 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, graph the system of equations and state whether the system is consistent, inconsistent, or dependent and whether the system has one solution, no solution, or infinite solutions.

3x−y=0.6 x−2y=1.3

Answer

Consistent with one solution

7.1-43 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, graph the system of equations and state whether the system is consistent, inconsistent, or dependent and whether the system has one solution, no solution, or infinite solutions.

x+2y=7 2x+6y=12

Answer

Consistent with one solution

7.1-45 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, graph the system of equations and state whether the system is consistent, inconsistent, or dependent and whether the system has one solution, no solution, or infinite solutions.

3x−2y=5 −9x+6y=−15

Answer

Dependent with infinitely many solutions

7.1-47 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the intersect function on a graphing device to solve each system. Round all answers to the nearest hundredth.

−0.01x+0.12y=0.62 0.15x+0.20y=0.52

Answer

( −3.08,4.91 )

7.1-49 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the intersect function on a graphing device to solve each system. Round all answers to the nearest hundredth.

0.15x+0.27y=0.39 −0.34x+0.56y=1.8

Answer

( −1.52,2.29 )

7.1-51 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system in terms of A,B,C,D,E, and F where A–F are nonzero numbers. Note that A≠B and AE≠BD.

x+y=A x−y=B

Answer

( A+B 2 , A−B 2 )

7.1-53 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system in terms of A,B,C,D,E, and F where A–F are nonzero numbers. Note that A≠B and AE≠BD.

Ax+y=0 Bx+y=1

Answer

( −1 A−B , A A−B )

7.1-55 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system in terms of A,B,C,D,E, and F where A–F are nonzero numbers. Note that A≠B and AE≠BD.

Ax+By=C Dx+Ey=F

Answer

( CE−BF BD−AE , AF−CD BD−AE )

7.1-57 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve for the desired quantity.

An Ethiopian restaurant has a cost of production C(x)= 11x+ 120 and a revenue function R(x)=5x. When does the company start to turn a profit?

Answer

They never turn a profit.

7.1-59 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve for the desired quantity.

A musician charges C(x)= 64x+ 20,000 where x is the total number of attendees at the concert. The venue charges $80 per ticket. After how many people buy tickets does the venue break even, and what is the value of the total tickets sold at that point?

Answer

(1,250,100,000)

7.1-61 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, use a system of linear equations with two variables and two equations to solve.

Find two numbers whose sum is 28 and difference is 13.

Answer

The numbers are 7.5 and 20.5.

7.1-63 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, use a system of linear equations with two variables and two equations to solve.

The startup cost for a restaurant is $120,000, and each meal costs $10 for the restaurant to make. If each meal is then sold for $15, after how many meals does the restaurant break even?

Answer

24,000

7.1-65 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, use a system of linear equations with two variables and two equations to solve.

A total of 1,595 first- and second-year college students gathered at a pep rally. The number of first-years exceeded the number of second-years by 15. How many students from each year group were in attendance?

Answer

790 second-year students, 805 first-year students

7.1-67 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, use a system of linear equations with two variables and two equations to solve.

There were 130 faculty at a conference. If there were 18 more women than men attending, how many of each gender attended the conference?

Answer

56 men, 74 women

7.1-69 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, use a system of linear equations with two variables and two equations to solve.

If a scientist mixed 10% saline solution with 60% saline solution to get 25 gallons of 40% saline solution, how many gallons of 10% and 60% solutions were mixed?

Answer

10 gallons of 10% solution, 15 gallons of 60% solution

7.1-71 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, use a system of linear equations with two variables and two equations to solve.

An investor invested 1.1 million dollars into two land investments. On the first investment, Swan Peak, her return was a 110% increase on the money she invested. On the second investment, Riverside Community, she earned 50% over what she invested. If she earned $1 million in profits, how much did she invest in each of the land deals?

Answer

Swan Peak: $750,000, Riverside: $350,000

7.1-73 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, use a system of linear equations with two variables and two equations to solve.

If an investor invests $23,000 into two bonds, one that pays 4% in simple interest, and the other paying 2% simple interest, and the investor earns $710.00 annual interest, how much was invested in each account?

Answer

$12,500 in the first account, $10,500 in the second account.

7.1-75 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, use a system of linear equations with two variables and two equations to solve.

A store clerk sold 60 pairs of sneakers. The high-tops sold for $98.99 and the low-tops sold for $129.99. If the receipts for the two types of sales totaled $6,404.40, how many of each type of sneaker were sold?

Answer

High-tops: 45, Low-tops: 15

7.1-77 §7.1 source ↗

For the following exercises, use a system of linear equations with two variables and two equations to solve.

Admission into an amusement park for 4 children and 2 adults is $116.90. For 6 children and 3 adults, the admission is $175.35. Assuming a different price for children and adults, what is the price of the child’s ticket and the price of the adult ticket?

Answer

Infinitely many solutions. We need more information.

Try It #2 §7.2 source ↗

Solve the system of equations in three variables.

2x+y−2z=−1 3x−3y−z=5 x−2y+3z=6

Answer

( 1,−1,1 )

Try It #3 §7.2 source ↗

Solve the system of three equations in three variables.

x+y+z=2 y−3z=1 2x+y+5z=0

Answer

No solution.

Try It #4 §7.2 source ↗

Solve the following system.

x+y+z=7 3x−2y−z=4 x+6y+5z=24

Answer

Infinite number of solutions of the form ( x,4x−11,−5x+18 ).

7.2-1 §7.2 source ↗

Can a linear system of three equations have exactly two solutions? Explain why or why not

Answer

No, there can be only one, zero, or infinitely many solutions.

7.2-3 §7.2 source ↗

If a given ordered triple does not solve the system of equations, is there no solution? If so, explain why. If not, give an example.

Answer

Not necessarily. There could be zero, one, or infinitely many solutions. For example, ( 0,0,0 ) is not a solution to the system below, but that does not mean that it has no solution.

2x+3y−6z=1 −4x−6y+12z=−2 x+2y+5z=10

7.2-5 §7.2 source ↗

Can you explain whether there can be only one method to solve a linear system of equations? If yes, give an example of such a system of equations. If not, explain why not.

Answer

Every system of equations can be solved graphically, by substitution, and by addition. However, systems of three equations become very complex to solve graphically so other methods are usually preferable.

7.2-7 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, determine whether the ordered triple given is the solution to the system of equations.

6x−y+3z=6 3x+5y+2z=0 x+y=0 and (3,−3,−5)

Answer

No

7.2-9 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, determine whether the ordered triple given is the solution to the system of equations.

x−y=0 x−z=5 x−y+z=−1 and (4,4,−1)

Answer

Yes

7.2-11 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by elimination.

3x−4y+2z=−15 2x+4y+z=16 2x+3y+5z=20

Answer

( −1,4,2 )

7.2-13 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by elimination.

5x+2y+4z=9 −3x+2y+z=10 4x−3y+5z=−3

Answer

( − 85 107 , 312 107 , 191 107 )

7.2-15 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by elimination.

5x−2y+3z=4 −4x+6y−7z=−1 3x+2y−z=4

Answer

( 1, 1 2 ,0 )

7.2-17 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by Gaussian elimination.

2x−y+3z=17 −5x+4y−2z=−46 2y+5z=−7

Answer

( 4,−6,1 )

7.2-19 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by Gaussian elimination.

2x+3y−6z=1 −4x−6y+12z=−2 x+2y+5z=10

Answer

( x, 1 27 (65−16x), x+28 27 )

7.2-21 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by Gaussian elimination.

2x+3y−4z=5 −3x+2y+z=11 −x+5y+3z=4

Answer

( − 45 13 , 17 13 ,−2 )

7.2-23 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by Gaussian elimination.

x+y+z=14 2y+3z=−14 −16y−24z=−112

Answer

No solutions exist

7.2-25 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by Gaussian elimination.

x+y+z=0 2x−y+3z=0 x−z=0

Answer

( 0,0,0 )

7.2-27 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by Gaussian elimination.

x+y+z=0 2x−y+3z=0 x−z=1

Answer

( 4 7 ,− 1 7 ,− 3 7 )

7.2-29 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by Gaussian elimination.

6x−5y+6z=38 1 5 x− 1 2 y+ 3 5 z=1 −4x− 3 2 y−z=−74

Answer

( 7,20,16 )

7.2-31 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by Gaussian elimination.

− 1 3 x− 1 2 y− 1 4 z= 3 4 − 1 2 x− 1 4 y− 1 2 z=2 − 1 4 x− 3 4 y− 1 2 z=− 1 2

Answer

( −6,2,1 )

7.2-33 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by Gaussian elimination.

4 5 x− 7 8 y+ 1 2 z=1 − 4 5 x− 3 4 y+ 1 3 z=−8 − 2 5 x− 7 8 y+ 1 2 z=−5

Answer

( 5,12,15 )

7.2-35 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by Gaussian elimination.

− 1 4 x− 5 4 y+ 5 2 z=−5 − 1 2 x− 5 3 y+ 5 4 z= 55 12 − 1 3 x− 1 3 y+ 1 3 z= 5 3

Answer

( −5,−5,−5 )

7.2-37 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by Gaussian elimination.

0.1x−0.2y+0.3z=2 0.5x−0.1y+0.4z=8 0.7x−0.2y+0.3z=8

Answer

( 10,10,10 )

7.2-39 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by Gaussian elimination.

1.1x+0.7y−3.1z=−1.79 2.1x+0.5y−1.6z=−0.13 0.5x+0.4y−0.5z=−0.07

Answer

( 1 2 , 1 5 , 4 5 )

7.2-41 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by Gaussian elimination.

0.1x+0.2y+0.3z=0.37 0.1x−0.2y−0.3z=−0.27 0.5x−0.1y−0.3z=−0.03

Answer

( 1 2 , 2 5 , 4 5 )

7.2-43 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by Gaussian elimination.

0.5x+0.2y−0.3z=1 0.4x−0.6y+0.7z=0.8 0.3x−0.1y−0.9z=0.6

Answer

( 2,0,0 )

7.2-45 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve each system by Gaussian elimination.

0.8x+0.8y+0.8z=2.4 0.3x−0.5y+0.2z=0 0.1x+0.2y+0.3z=0.6

Answer

( 1,1,1 )

7.2-47 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system for x,y, and z.

5x−3y− z+1 2 = 1 2 6x+ y−9 2 +2z=−3 x+8 2 −4y+z=4

Answer

( 128 557 , 23 557 , 28 557 )

7.2-49 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system for x,y, and z.

x−3 6 + y+2 2 − z−3 3 =2 x+2 4 + y−5 2 + z+4 2 =1 x+6 2 − y−3 2 +z+1=9

Answer

( 6,−1,0 )

7.2-51 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system for x,y, and z.

Three even numbers sum up to 108. The smaller is half the larger and the middle number is 3 4 the larger. What are the three numbers?

Answer

24, 36, 48

7.2-53 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system for x,y, and z.

At a family reunion, there were only blood relatives, consisting of children, parents, and grandparents, in attendance. There were 400 people total. There were twice as many parents as grandparents, and 50 more children than parents. How many children, parents, and grandparents were in attendance?

Answer

70 grandparents, 140 parents, 190 children

7.2-55 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system for x,y, and z.

Your roommate, Shani, offered to buy groceries for you and your other roommate. The total bill was $82. She forgot to save the individual receipts but remembered that your groceries were $0.05 cheaper than half of her groceries, and that your other roommate’s groceries were $2.10 more than your groceries. How much was each of your share of the groceries?

Answer

Your share was $19.95, Shani’s share was $40, and your other roommate’s share was $22.05.

7.2-57 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system for x,y, and z.

Three coworkers work for the same employer. Their jobs are warehouse manager, office manager, and truck driver. The sum of the annual salaries of the warehouse manager and office manager is $82,000. The office manager makes $4,000 more than the truck driver annually. The annual salaries of the warehouse manager and the truck driver total $78,000. What is the annual salary of each of the co-workers?

Answer

There are infinitely many solutions; we need more information

7.2-59 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system for x,y, and z.

A local band sells out for their concert. They sell all 1,175 tickets for a total purse of $28,112.50. The tickets were priced at $20 for student tickets, $22.50 for children, and $29 for adult tickets. If the band sold twice as many adult as children tickets, how many of each type was sold?

Answer

500 students, 225 children, and 450 adults

7.2-61 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system for x,y, and z.

Last year, at Haven’s Pond Car Dealership, for a particular model of BMW, Jeep, and Toyota, one could purchase all three cars for a total of $140,000. This year, due to inflation, the same cars would cost $151,830. The cost of the BMW increased by 8%, the Jeep by 5%, and the Toyota by 12%. If the price of last year’s Jeep was $7,000 less than the price of last year’s BMW, what was the price of each of the three cars last year?

Answer

The BMW was $49,636, the Jeep was $42,636, and the Toyota was $47,727.

7.2-63 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system for x,y, and z.

You inherit one million dollars. You invest it all in three accounts for one year. The first account pays 3% compounded annually, the second account pays 4% compounded annually, and the third account pays 2% compounded annually. After one year, you earn $34,000 in interest. If you invest four times the money into the account that pays 3% compared to 2%, how much did you invest in each account?

Answer

$400,000 in the account that pays 3% interest, $500,000 in the account that pays 4% interest, and $100,000 in the account that pays 2% interest.

7.2-65 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system for x,y, and z.

The top three countries in oil consumption in a certain year are as follows: the United States, Japan, and China. In millions of barrels per day, the three top countries consumed 39.8% of the world’s consumed oil. The United States consumed 0.7% more than four times China’s consumption. The United States consumed 5% more than triple Japan’s consumption. What percent of the world oil consumption did the United States, Japan, and China consume?1

Answer

The United States consumed 26.3%, Japan 7.1%, and China 6.4% of the world’s oil.

7.2-67 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system for x,y, and z.

The top three sources of oil imports for the United States in the same year were Saudi Arabia, Mexico, and Canada. The three top countries accounted for 47% of oil imports. The United States imported 1.8% more from Saudi Arabia than they did from Mexico, and 1.7% more from Saudi Arabia than they did from Canada. What percent of the United States oil imports were from these three countries?3

Answer

Saudi Arabia imported 16.8%, Canada imported 15.1%, and Mexico 15.0%

7.2-69 §7.2 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system for x,y, and z.

At one time, in the United States, 398 species of animals were on the endangered species list. The top groups were mammals, birds, and fish, which comprised 55% of the endangered species. Birds accounted for 0.7% more than fish, and fish accounted for 1.5% more than mammals. What percent of the endangered species came from mammals, birds, and fish?

Answer

Birds were 19.3%, fish were 18.6%, and mammals were 17.1% of endangered species

Try It #1 §7.3 source ↗

Solve the given system of equations by substitution.

3x-y=-22x2-y=0

Answer

( − 1 2 , 1 2 ) and ( 2,8 )

Try It #2 §7.3 source ↗

Solve the system of nonlinear equations.

x2+y2=10x-3y=-10

Answer

( −1,3 )

Try It #3 §7.3 source ↗

Find the solution set for the given system of nonlinear equations.

4x2+y2=13x2+y2=10

Answer

{ ( 1,3 ),( 1,−3 ),( −1,3 ),( −1,−3 ) }

Try It #4 §7.3 source ↗

Graph the given system of inequalities.

y≥ x 2 −1 x−y≥−1

Answer

A graph illustrates a blue line and an orange parabola intersecting at (-1, 0) and (2, 3). The region bounded by these two curves between the intersection points is shaded light blue.

7.3-1 §7.3 source ↗

Explain whether a system of two nonlinear equations can have exactly two solutions. What about exactly three? If not, explain why not. If so, give an example of such a system, in graph form, and explain why your choice gives two or three answers.

Answer

A nonlinear system could be representative of two circles that overlap and intersect in two locations, hence two solutions. A nonlinear system could be representative of a parabola and a circle, where the vertex of the parabola meets the circle and the branches also intersect the circle, hence three solutions.

7.3-3 §7.3 source ↗

When you graph a system of inequalities, will there always be a feasible region? If so, explain why. If not, give an example of a graph of inequalities that does not have a feasible region. Why does it not have a feasible region?

Answer

No. There does not need to be a feasible region. Consider a system that is bounded by two parallel lines. One inequality represents the region above the upper line; the other represents the region below the lower line. In this case, no points in the plane are located in both regions; hence there is no feasible region.

7.3-5 §7.3 source ↗

If you perform your break-even analysis and there is more than one solution, explain how you would determine which x-values are profit and which are not.

Answer

Choose any number between each solution and plug into C(x) and R(x). If C(x)< R(x), then there is profit.

7.3-7 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of nonlinear equations using substitution.

        y=x−3 x 2 + y 2 =9

Answer

(0,−3), (3,0)

7.3-9 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of nonlinear equations using substitution.

        y=−x x 2 + y 2 =9

Answer

(− 3 2 2 , 3 2 2 ), ( 3 2 2 ,− 3 2 2 )

7.3-11 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of nonlinear equations using elimination.

4 x 2 −9 y 2 =36 4 x 2 +9 y 2 =36

Answer

(−3,0), (3,0)

7.3-13 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of nonlinear equations using elimination.

2 x 2 +4 y 2 =4 2 x 2 −4 y 2 =25x−10

Answer

( 1 4 ,− 62 8 ), ( 1 4 , 62 8 )

7.3-15 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of nonlinear equations using elimination.

x 2 + y 2 + 1 16 =2500 y=2 x 2

Answer

(− 398 4 , 199 4 ), ( 398 4 , 199 4 )

7.3-17 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, use any method to solve the system of nonlinear equations.

− x 2 +y=2 −x+y=2

Answer

( 0,2 ),( 1,3 )

7.3-19 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, use any method to solve the system of nonlinear equations.

x 2 + y 2 =1          y=− x 2

Answer

(− 1 2 ( 5 −1 ) , 1 2 (1− 5 )), ( 1 2 ( 5 −1 ) , 1 2 (1− 5 ))

7.3-21 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, use any method to solve the system of nonlinear equations.

9 x 2 +25 y 2 =225 (x−6) 2 + y 2 =1

Answer

( 5,0 )

7.3-23 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, use any method to solve the system of nonlinear equations.

2 x 3 − x 2 =y     x 2 +y=0

Answer

( 0,0 )

7.3-25 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, use any method to solve the nonlinear system.

x 2 − y 2 =9          x=3

Answer

( 3,0 )

7.3-27 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, use any method to solve the nonlinear system.

x 2 − y 2 =9    x−y=0

Answer

No Solutions Exist

7.3-29 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, use any method to solve the nonlinear system.

− x 2 +y=2         2y=−x

Answer

No Solutions Exist

7.3-31 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, use any method to solve the nonlinear system.

x 2 + y 2 =1         y 2 = x 2

Answer

(− 2 2 ,− 2 2 ), (− 2 2 , 2 2 ), ( 2 2 ,− 2 2 ), ( 2 2 , 2 2 )

7.3-33 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, use any method to solve the nonlinear system.

     3 x 2 − y 2 =12 (x−1) 2 + y 2 =1

Answer

(2,0)

7.3-35 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, use any method to solve the nonlinear system.

3 x 2 − y 2 =12    x 2 + y 2 =16

Answer

(− 7 ,−3), (− 7 ,3), ( 7 ,−3), ( 7 ,3)

7.3-37 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, use any method to solve the nonlinear system.

x 2 + y 2 −6y=7           x 2 +y=1

Answer

(− 1 2 ( 73 −5 ) , 1 2 (7− 73 )), ( 1 2 ( 73 −5 ) , 1 2 (7− 73 ))

7.3-39 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, graph the inequality.

x 2 +y<9

Answer

A graph shows a downward-opening parabola centered on the y-axis, with its vertex at (0, 9). The parabola intersects the x-axis at x = -3 and x = 3. The region under the parabola is shaded in light blue, extending downwards to y = -10. The x-axis is labeled from -5 to 5, and the y-axis is labeled from -10 to 10.A graph shows a downward-opening parabola centered on the y-axis, with its vertex at (0, 9). The parabola intersects the x-axis at x = -3 and x = 3. The region under the parabola is shaded in light blue, extending downwards to y = -10. The x-axis is labeled from -5 to 5, and the y-axis is labeled from -10 to 10.

7.3-41 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, graph the system of inequalities. Label all points of intersection.

x 2 +y<1 y>2x

Answer

A coordinate plane is displayed with an x-axis ranging from -5 to 2 and a y-axis ranging from -6 to 2. A light blue shaded region is enclosed by a dashed line. The shaded region is defined by two labeled points: an upper point at $(\sqrt{2}-1, 2(\sqrt{2}-1))$ and a lower point at $(-1-\sqrt{2}, -2(1+\sqrt{2}))$. The region extends from the lower left to the upper right, resembling a curved, elongated shape.

7.3-43 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, graph the system of inequalities. Label all points of intersection.

x 2 + y 2 <25 3 x 2 − y 2 >12

Answer

A graph on a Cartesian coordinate system shows two lens-shaped shaded regions, symmetric about the y-axis. The left region is between x=-2 and x=-5, and the right region is between x=2 and x=5. Four points are labeled.

7.3-45 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, graph the system of inequalities. Label all points of intersection.

x 2 +3 y 2 >16 3 x 2 − y 2 <1

Answer

A graph of a coordinate plane showing an x-axis and a y-axis. The region between two branches of a hyperbola is shaded light blue. The hyperbola opens upwards and downwards, with the shaded region resembling an hourglass shape. The vertices of the hyperbola are marked by the points (sqrt(19/10), sqrt(47/10)), (-sqrt(19/10), sqrt(47/10)), (sqrt(19/10), -sqrt(47/10)), and (-sqrt(19/10), -sqrt(47/10)). The boundaries of the shaded region are indicated by dashed lines, suggesting that the boundary itself is not included in the region.

7.3-47 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, graph the inequality.

y≤−log(x) y≤ e x

Answer

A graph displays two curves and a shaded region on an x-y coordinate plane. An orange curve rises through (0,1). A blue curve falls through (1,0). A rectangle is shaded in the fourth quadrant, from x=0 to x=3 and y=0 to y=-3.

7.3-49 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the solutions to the nonlinear equations with two variables.

6 x 2 − 1 y 2 =8 1 x 2 − 6 y 2 = 1 8

Answer

(−2 70 383 ,−2 35 29 ), (−2 70 383 ,2 35 29 ), (2 70 383 ,−2 35 29 ), (2 70 383 ,2 35 29 )

7.3-51 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the solutions to the nonlinear equations with two variables.

x 2 −xy−2 y 2 −6=0 x 2 + y 2 =1

Answer

No Solution Exists

7.3-53 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of inequalities. Use a calculator to graph the system to confirm the answer.

xy<1 y> x

Answer

x=0,y>0 and 0< x< 1, x < y< 1 x

7.3-55 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, construct a system of nonlinear equations to describe the given behavior, then solve for the requested solutions.

Two numbers add up to 300. One number is twice the square of the other number. What are the numbers?

Answer

12, 288

7.3-57 §7.3 source ↗

For the following exercises, construct a system of nonlinear equations to describe the given behavior, then solve for the requested solutions.

A laptop company has discovered their cost and revenue functions for each day: C(x)= 3 x 2 −10x+ 200 and R(x)= −2 x 2 + 100x+ 50. If they want to make a profit, what is the range of laptops per day that they should produce? Round to the nearest number which would generate profit.

Answer

2–20 computers

Try It #4 §7.4 source ↗

Find the partial fraction decomposition of the following expression.

x ( x−3 )( x−2 )

Answer

3 x−3 − 2 x−2

Try It #5 §7.4 source ↗

Find the partial fraction decomposition of the expression with repeated linear factors.

6x−11 ( x−1 ) 2

Answer

6 x−1 − 5 ( x−1 ) 2

Try It #6 §7.4 source ↗

Find the partial fraction decomposition of the expression with a nonrepeating irreducible quadratic factor.

5 x 2 −6x+7 ( x−1 )( x 2 +1 )

Answer

3 x−1 + 2x−4 x 2 +1

Try It #7 §7.4 source ↗

Find the partial fraction decomposition of the expression with a repeated irreducible quadratic factor.

x 3 −4 x 2 +9x−5 ( x 2 −2x+3 ) 2

Answer

x−2 x 2 −2x+3 + 2x+1 ( x 2 −2x+3 ) 2

7.4-1 §7.4 source ↗

Can any quotient of polynomials be decomposed into at least two partial fractions? If so, explain why, and if not, give an example of such a fraction

Answer

No, a quotient of polynomials can only be decomposed if the denominator can be factored. For example, 1 x 2 +1 cannot be decomposed because the denominator cannot be factored.

7.4-3 §7.4 source ↗

Can you explain how to verify a partial fraction decomposition graphically?

Answer

Graph both sides and ensure they are equal.

7.4-5 §7.4 source ↗

Once you have a system of equations generated by the partial fraction decomposition, can you explain another method to solve it? For example if you had 7x+13 3 x 2 +8x+15 = A x+1 + B 3x+5 , we eventually simplify to 7x+ 13= A(3x+5)+ B(x+1). Explain how you could intelligently choose an x -value that will eliminate either A or B and solve for A and B.

Answer

If we choose x=−1, then the B-term disappears, letting us immediately know that A=3. We could alternatively plug in x=− 5 3 , giving us a B-value of −2.

7.4-7 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the nonrepeating linear factors.

3x−79 x 2 −5x−24

Answer

8 x+3 − 5 x−8

7.4-9 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the nonrepeating linear factors.

10x+47 x 2 +7x+10

Answer

1 x+5 + 9 x+2

7.4-11 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the nonrepeating linear factors.

32x−11 20 x 2 −13x+2

Answer

3 5x−2 + 4 4x−1

7.4-13 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the nonrepeating linear factors.

5x x 2 −9

Answer

5 2( x+3 ) + 5 2( x−3 )

7.4-15 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the nonrepeating linear factors.

6x x 2 −4

Answer

3 x+2 + 3 x−2

7.4-17 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the nonrepeating linear factors.

4x−1 x 2 −x−6

Answer

9 5( x+2 ) + 11 5( x−3 )

7.4-19 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the nonrepeating linear factors.

3x−1 x 2 −5x+6

Answer

8 x−3 − 5 x−2

7.4-21 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the repeating linear factors.

x ( x−2 ) 2

Answer

1 x−2 + 2 ( x−2 ) 2

7.4-23 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the repeating linear factors.

−24x−27 ( 4x+5 ) 2

Answer

− 6 4x+5 + 3 ( 4x+5 ) 2

7.4-25 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the repeating linear factors.

5−x ( x−7 ) 2

Answer

− 1 x−7 − 2 ( x−7 ) 2

7.4-27 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the repeating linear factors.

5 x 2 +20x+8 2x ( x+1 ) 2

Answer

4 x − 3 2( x+1 ) + 7 2 ( x+1 ) 2

7.4-29 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the repeating linear factors.

54 x 3 +127 x 2 +80x+16 2 x 2 ( 3x+2 ) 2

Answer

4 x + 2 x 2 − 3 3x+2 + 7 2 ( 3x+2 ) 2

7.4-31 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the irreducible nonrepeating quadratic factor.

4 x 2 +6x+11 ( x+2 )( x 2 +x+3 )

Answer

x+1 x 2 +x+3 + 3 x+2

7.4-33 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the irreducible nonrepeating quadratic factor.

−2 x 2 +10x+4 ( x−1 )( x 2 +3x+8 )

Answer

4−3x x 2 +3x+8 + 1 x−1

7.4-35 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the irreducible nonrepeating quadratic factor.

4 x 2 +17x−1 ( x+3 )( x 2 +6x+1 )

Answer

2x−1 x 2 +6x+1 + 2 x+3

7.4-37 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the irreducible nonrepeating quadratic factor.

4 x 2 +5x+3 x 3 −1

Answer

1 x 2 +x+1 + 4 x−1

7.4-39 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the irreducible nonrepeating quadratic factor.

3 x 2 −7x+33 x 3 +27

Answer

2 x 2 −3x+9 + 3 x+3

7.4-41 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the irreducible nonrepeating quadratic factor.

4 x 2 +4x+12 8 x 3 −27

Answer

− 1 4 x 2 +6x+9 + 1 2x−3

7.4-43 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the irreducible nonrepeating quadratic factor.

−2 x 3 −30 x 2 +36x+216 x 4 +216x

Answer

1 x + 1 x+6 − 4x x 2 −6x+36

7.4-45 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the irreducible repeating quadratic factor.

x 3 +6 x 2 +5x+9 ( x 2 +1 ) 2

Answer

x+6 x 2 +1 + 4x+3 ( x 2 +1 ) 2

7.4-47 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the irreducible repeating quadratic factor.

x 2 +5x+5 ( x+2 ) 2

Answer

x+1 x+2 + 2x+3 ( x+2 ) 2

7.4-49 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the irreducible repeating quadratic factor.

x 2 +25 ( x 2 +3x+25 ) 2

Answer

1 x 2 +3x+25 − 3x ( x 2 +3x+25 ) 2

7.4-51 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the irreducible repeating quadratic factor.

5x+2 x ( x 2 +4 ) 2

Answer

1 8x − x 8( x 2 +4 ) + 10−x 2 ( x 2 +4 ) 2

7.4-53 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the decomposition of the partial fraction for the irreducible repeating quadratic factor.

2x−9 ( x 2 −x ) 2

Answer

− 16 x − 9 x 2 + 16 x−1 − 7 ( x−1 ) 2

7.4-55 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the partial fraction expansion.

x 2 +4 ( x+1 ) 3

Answer

1 x+1 − 2 ( x+1 ) 2 + 5 ( x+1 ) 3

7.4-57 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, perform the operation and then find the partial fraction decomposition.

7 x+8 + 5 x−2 − x−1 x 2 −6x−16

Answer

5 x−2 − 3 10( x+2 ) + 7 x+8 − 7 10( x−8 )

7.4-59 §7.4 source ↗

For the following exercises, perform the operation and then find the partial fraction decomposition.

2x x 2 −16 − 1−2x x 2 +6x+8 − x−5 x 2 −4x

Answer

− 5 4x − 5 2( x+2 ) + 11 2( x+4 ) + 5 4( x+4 )

Try It #1 §7.5 source ↗

Add matrix A and matrix B.

A=[ 2 6 1 0 1 −3 ] and  B=[ 3 −2 1 5 −4 3 ]

Answer

A+B=[ 2 1 1 6 ​​​0 −3 ]+[ 3 1 −4 −2 5 3 ]
=[ 2+3 1+1 1+(−4) 6+(−2) 0+5 −3+3 ]=[ 5 2 −3 4 5 0 ]

Try It #2 §7.5 source ↗

Given matrix B, find −2B where

B=[ 4 1 3 2 ]

Answer

−2B=[ −8 −2 −6 −4 ]

7.5-1 §7.5 source ↗

Can we add any two matrices together? If so, explain why; if not, explain why not and give an example of two matrices that cannot be added together.

Answer

No, they must have the same dimensions. An example would include two matrices of different dimensions. One cannot add the following two matrices because the first is a 2×2 matrix and the second is a 2×3 matrix. [ 1 2 3 4 ]+[ 6 5 4 3 2 1 ] has no sum.

7.5-3 §7.5 source ↗

Can both the products AB and BA be defined? If so, explain how; if not, explain why.

Answer

Yes, if the dimensions of A are m×n and the dimensions of B are n×m, both products will be defined.

7.5-5 §7.5 source ↗

Does matrix multiplication commute? That is, does AB=BA? If so, prove why it does. If not, explain why it does not.

Answer

Not necessarily. To find AB, we multiply the first row of A by the first column of B to get the first entry of AB. To find BA, we multiply the first row of B by the first column of A to get the first entry of BA. Thus, if those are unequal, then the matrix multiplication does not commute.

7.5-7 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below and perform the matrix addition or subtraction. Indicate if the operation is undefined.

A=[ 1 3 0 7 ],B=[ 2 14 22 6 ],C=[ 1 5 8 92 12 6 ],D=[ 10 14 7 2 5 61 ],E=[ 6 12 14 5 ],F=[ 0 9 78 17 15 4 ]

C+D

Answer

[ 11 19 15 94 17 67 ]

7.5-9 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below and perform the matrix addition or subtraction. Indicate if the operation is undefined.

A=[ 1 3 0 7 ],B=[ 2 14 22 6 ],C=[ 1 5 8 92 12 6 ],D=[ 10 14 7 2 5 61 ],E=[ 6 12 14 5 ],F=[ 0 9 78 17 15 4 ]

B−E

Answer

[ −4 2 8 1 ]

7.5-11 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below and perform the matrix addition or subtraction. Indicate if the operation is undefined.

A=[ 1 3 0 7 ],B=[ 2 14 22 6 ],C=[ 1 5 8 92 12 6 ],D=[ 10 14 7 2 5 61 ],E=[ 6 12 14 5 ],F=[ 0 9 78 17 15 4 ]

D−B

Answer

Undidentified; dimensions do not match

7.5-13 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below to perform scalar multiplication.

A=[ 4 6 13 12 ],B=[ 3 9 21 12 0 64 ],C=[ 16 3 7 18 90 5 3 29 ],D=[ 18 12 13 8 14 6 7 4 21 ]

3B

Answer

[ 9 27 63 36 0 192 ]

7.5-15 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below to perform scalar multiplication.

A=[ 4 6 13 12 ],B=[ 3 9 21 12 0 64 ],C=[ 16 3 7 18 90 5 3 29 ],D=[ 18 12 13 8 14 6 7 4 21 ]

−4C

Answer

[ −64 −12 −28 −72 −360 −20 −12 −116 ]

7.5-17 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below to perform scalar multiplication.

A=[ 4 6 13 12 ],B=[ 3 9 21 12 0 64 ],C=[ 16 3 7 18 90 5 3 29 ],D=[ 18 12 13 8 14 6 7 4 21 ]

100D

Answer

[ 1,800 1,200 1,300 800 1,400 600 700 400 2,100 ]

7.5-19 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below to perform matrix multiplication.

A=[ −1 5 3 2 ],B=[ 3 6 4 −8 0 12 ],C=[ 4 10 −2 6 5 9 ],D=[ 2 −3 12 9 3 1 0 8 −10 ]

BC

Answer

[ 20 102 28 28 ]

7.5-21 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below to perform matrix multiplication.

A=[ −1 5 3 2 ],B=[ 3 6 4 −8 0 12 ],C=[ 4 10 −2 6 5 9 ],D=[ 2 −3 12 9 3 1 0 8 −10 ]

BD

Answer

[ 60 41 2 −16 120 −216 ]

7.5-23 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below to perform matrix multiplication.

A=[ −1 5 3 2 ],B=[ 3 6 4 −8 0 12 ],C=[ 4 10 −2 6 5 9 ],D=[ 2 −3 12 9 3 1 0 8 −10 ]

CB

Answer

[ −68 24 136 −54 −12 64 −57 30 128 ]

7.5-25 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below to perform the indicated operation if possible. If not possible, explain why the operation cannot be performed.

A=[ 2 −5 6 7 ],B=[ −9 6 −4 2 ],C=[ 0 9 7 1 ],D=[ −8 7 −5 4 3 2 0 9 2 ],E=[ 4 5 3 7 −6 −5 1 0 9 ]

4A+5D

Answer

Undefined; dimensions do not match.

7.5-27 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below to perform the indicated operation if possible. If not possible, explain why the operation cannot be performed.

A=[ 2 −5 6 7 ],B=[ −9 6 −4 2 ],C=[ 0 9 7 1 ],D=[ −8 7 −5 4 3 2 0 9 2 ],E=[ 4 5 3 7 −6 −5 1 0 9 ]

3D+4E

Answer

[ −8 41 −3 40 −15 −14 4 27 42 ]

7.5-29 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below to perform the indicated operation if possible. If not possible, explain why the operation cannot be performed.

A=[ 2 −5 6 7 ],B=[ −9 6 −4 2 ],C=[ 0 9 7 1 ],D=[ −8 7 −5 4 3 2 0 9 2 ],E=[ 4 5 3 7 −6 −5 1 0 9 ]

100D−10E

Answer

[ −840 650 −530 330 360 250 −10 900 110 ]

7.5-31 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below to perform the indicated operation if possible. If not possible, explain why the operation cannot be performed. (Hint: A 2 =A⋅A )

A=[ −10 20 5 25 ],B=[ 40 10 −20 30 ],C=[ −1 0 0 −1 1 0 ]

BA

Answer

[ −350 1,050 350 350 ]

7.5-33 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below to perform the indicated operation if possible. If not possible, explain why the operation cannot be performed. (Hint: A 2 =A⋅A )

A=[ −10 20 5 25 ],B=[ 40 10 −20 30 ],C=[ −1 0 0 −1 1 0 ]

BC

Answer

Undefined; inner dimensions do not match.

7.5-35 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below to perform the indicated operation if possible. If not possible, explain why the operation cannot be performed. (Hint: A 2 =A⋅A )

A=[ −10 20 5 25 ],B=[ 40 10 −20 30 ],C=[ −1 0 0 −1 1 0 ]

B 2

Answer

[ 1,400 700 −1,400 700 ]

7.5-37 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below to perform the indicated operation if possible. If not possible, explain why the operation cannot be performed. (Hint: A 2 =A⋅A )

A=[ −10 20 5 25 ],B=[ 40 10 −20 30 ],C=[ −1 0 0 −1 1 0 ]

B 2 A 2

Answer

[ 332,500 927,500 −227,500 87,500 ]

7.5-39 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below to perform the indicated operation if possible. If not possible, explain why the operation cannot be performed. (Hint: A 2 =A⋅A )

A=[ −10 20 5 25 ],B=[ 40 10 −20 30 ],C=[ −1 0 0 −1 1 0 ]

(AB) 2

Answer

[ 490,000 0 0 490,000 ]

7.5-41 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below to perform the indicated operation if possible. If not possible, explain why the operation cannot be performed. (Hint: A 2 =A⋅A )

A=[ 1 0 2 3 ],B=[ −2 3 4 −1 1 −5 ],C=[ 0.5 0.1 1 0.2 −0.5 0.3 ],D=[ 1 0 −1 −6 7 5 4 2 1 ]

AB

Answer

[ −2 3 4 −7 9 −7 ]

7.5-43 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below to perform the indicated operation if possible. If not possible, explain why the operation cannot be performed. (Hint: A 2 =A⋅A )

A=[ 1 0 2 3 ],B=[ −2 3 4 −1 1 −5 ],C=[ 0.5 0.1 1 0.2 −0.5 0.3 ],D=[ 1 0 −1 −6 7 5 4 2 1 ]

BD

Answer

[ −4 29 21 −27 −3 1 ]

7.5-45 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below to perform the indicated operation if possible. If not possible, explain why the operation cannot be performed. (Hint: A 2 =A⋅A )

A=[ 1 0 2 3 ],B=[ −2 3 4 −1 1 −5 ],C=[ 0.5 0.1 1 0.2 −0.5 0.3 ],D=[ 1 0 −1 −6 7 5 4 2 1 ]

D 2

Answer

[ −3 −2 −2 −28 59 46 −4 16 7 ]

7.5-47 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below to perform the indicated operation if possible. If not possible, explain why the operation cannot be performed. (Hint: A 2 =A⋅A )

A=[ 1 0 2 3 ],B=[ −2 3 4 −1 1 −5 ],C=[ 0.5 0.1 1 0.2 −0.5 0.3 ],D=[ 1 0 −1 −6 7 5 4 2 1 ]

D 3

Answer

[ 1 −18 −9 −198 505 369 −72 126 91 ]

7.5-49 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below to perform the indicated operation if possible. If not possible, explain why the operation cannot be performed. (Hint: A 2 =A⋅A )

A=[ 1 0 2 3 ],B=[ −2 3 4 −1 1 −5 ],C=[ 0.5 0.1 1 0.2 −0.5 0.3 ],D=[ 1 0 −1 −6 7 5 4 2 1 ]

A(BC)

Answer

[ 0 1.6 9 −1 ]

7.5-51 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below to perform the indicated operation if possible. If not possible, explain why the operation cannot be performed. Use a calculator to verify your solution.

A=[ −2 0 9 1 8 −3 0.5 4 5 ],B=[ 0.5 3 0 −4 1 6 8 7 2 ],C=[ 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 ]

BA

Answer

[ 2 24 −4.5 12 32 −9 −8 64 61 ]

7.5-53 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrices below to perform the indicated operation if possible. If not possible, explain why the operation cannot be performed. Use a calculator to verify your solution.

A=[ −2 0 9 1 8 −3 0.5 4 5 ],B=[ 0.5 3 0 −4 1 6 8 7 2 ],C=[ 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 ]

BC

Answer

[ 0.5 3 0.5 2 1 2 10 7 10 ]

7.5-55 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrix below to perform the indicated operation on the given matrix.

B=[ 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 ]

B 2

Answer

[ 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 ]

7.5-57 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrix below to perform the indicated operation on the given matrix.

B=[ 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 ]

B 4

Answer

[ 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 ]

7.5-59 §7.5 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the matrix below to perform the indicated operation on the given matrix.

B=[ 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 ]

Using the above questions, find a formula for B n . Test the formula for B 201 and B 202 , using a calculator.

Answer

B n ={ [ 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 ], neven, [ 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 ], nodd.

Try It #2 §7.6 source ↗

Write the augmented matrix of the given system of equations.

4x−3y=11 3x+2y=4

Answer

[ 4 −3 3 2 | 11 4 ]

Try It #3 §7.6 source ↗

Write the system of equations from the augmented matrix.

[ 1 −1 1 2 −1 3 0 1 1 | 5 1 −9 ]

Answer

x−y+z=5 2x−y+3z=1 y+z=−9

Try It #4 §7.6 source ↗

Solve the given system by Gaussian elimination.

4x+3y=11  x−3y=−1

Answer

( 2,1 )

Try It #5 §7.6 source ↗

Write the system of equations in row-echelon form.

 x−2y+3z=9 −x+3y=−4 2x−5y+5z=17

Answer

[ 1 − 5 2 5 2 ​0 1 5 0 0 1 | 17 2 9 2 ]

Try It #6 §7.6 source ↗

Solve the system using matrices.

x+4y−z=4 2x+5y+8z=15 x+3y−3z=1

Answer

( 1,1,1 )

Try It #7 §7.6 source ↗

A small shoe company took out a loan of $1,500,000 to expand their inventory. Part of the money was borrowed at 7%, part was borrowed at 8%, and part was borrowed at 10%. The amount borrowed at 10% was four times the amount borrowed at 7%, and the annual interest on all three loans was $130,500. Use matrices to find the amount borrowed at each rate.

Answer

$150,000 at 7%, $750,000 at 8%, $600,000 at 10%

7.6-1 §7.6 source ↗

Can any system of linear equations be written as an augmented matrix? Explain why or why not. Explain how to write that augmented matrix.

Answer

Yes. For each row, the coefficients of the variables are written across the corresponding row, and a vertical bar is placed; then the constants are placed to the right of the vertical bar.

7.6-3 §7.6 source ↗

Is there only one correct method of using row operations on a matrix? Try to explain two different row operations possible to solve the augmented matrix [ 9 3 1 −2  |   0 6 ].

Answer

No, there are numerous correct methods of using row operations on a matrix. Two possible ways are the following: (1) Interchange rows 1 and 2. Then R 2 = R 2 −9 R 1 . (2) R 2 = R 1 −9 R 2 . Then divide row 1 by 9.

7.6-5 §7.6 source ↗

Can a matrix that has 0 entries for an entire row have one solution? Explain why or why not.

Answer

No. A matrix with 0 entries for an entire row would have either zero or infinitely many solutions.

7.6-7 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, write the augmented matrix for the linear system.

  16y=4 9x−y=2

Answer

[ 0 16 9 −1 | 4 2 ]

7.6-9 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, write the augmented matrix for the linear system.

 x+5y+8z=19 12x+3y=4 3x+4y+9z=−7

Answer

[ 1 5 8 12 3 0 3 4 9 | 19 4 −7 ]

7.6-11 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, write the linear system from the augmented matrix.

[ −2 5 6 −18  |   5 26 ]

Answer

−2x+5y=5 6x−18y=26

7.6-13 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, write the linear system from the augmented matrix.

[ 3 2 0 −1 −9 4 8 5 7  |   3 −1 8 ]

Answer

3x+2y=3 −x−9y+4z=−1 8x+5y+7z=8

7.6-15 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, write the linear system from the augmented matrix.

[ 4 5 −2 0 1 58 8 7 −3  |   12 2 −5 ]

Answer

4x+5y−2z=12        y+58z=2 8x+7y−3z=−5

7.6-17 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system by Gaussian elimination.

[ 1 0 1 0  |   1 2 ]

Answer

No solutions

7.6-19 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system by Gaussian elimination.

[ −1 2 4 −5  |   −3 6 ]

Answer

(−1,−2)

7.6-21 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system by Gaussian elimination.

 2x−3y=−9 5x+4y=58

Answer

( 6,7 )

7.6-23 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system by Gaussian elimination.

2x+3y=12  4x+y=14

Answer

( 3,2 )

7.6-25 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system by Gaussian elimination.

−5x+8y=3 10x+6y=5

Answer

( 1 5 , 1 2 )

7.6-27 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system by Gaussian elimination.

−60x+45y=12  20x−15y=−4

Answer

( x, 4 15 (5x+1) )

7.6-29 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system by Gaussian elimination.

2x−y=2 3x+2y=17

Answer

( 3,4 )

7.6-31 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system by Gaussian elimination.

3 4 x− 3 5 y=4 1 4 x+ 2 3 y=1

Answer

( 196 39 ,− 5 13 )

7.6-33 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system by Gaussian elimination.

[ 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1  |   31 45 87 ]

Answer

( 31,−42,87 )

7.6-35 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system by Gaussian elimination.

[ 1 2 3 0 5 6 0 0 8  |   4 7 9 ]

Answer

( 21 40 , 1 20 , 9 8 )

7.6-37 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system by Gaussian elimination.

−2x+3y−2z=3      4x+2y−z=9 4x−8y+2z=−6

Answer

( 18 13 , 15 13 ,− 15 13 )

7.6-39 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system by Gaussian elimination.

     2x+3y+2z=1  −4x−6y−4z=−2 10x+15y+10z=5

Answer

( x,y, 1 2 (1−2x−3y) )

7.6-41 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system by Gaussian elimination.

   x+2y−z=1 −x−2y+2z=−2 3x+6y−3z=3

Answer

( x,− x 2 ,−1 )

7.6-43 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system by Gaussian elimination.

x+y+z=100    x+2z=125 −y+2z=25

Answer

( 125,−25,0 )

7.6-45 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system by Gaussian elimination.

− 1 2 x+ 1 2 y+ 1 7 z=− 53 14    1 2 x− 1 2 y+ 1 4 z=3     1 4 x+ 1 5 y+ 1 3 z= 23 15

Answer

( 8,1,−2 )

7.6-47 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, use Gaussian elimination to solve the system.

x−1 7 + y−2 8 + z−3 4 =0 x+y+z=6 x+2 3 +2y+ z−3 3 =5

Answer

( 1,2,3 )

7.6-49 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, use Gaussian elimination to solve the system.

x−3 4 − y−1 3 +2z=−1 x+5 2 + y+5 2 + z+5 2 =8 x+y+z=1

Answer

( x, 31 28 − 3x 4 , 1 28 (−7x−3) )

7.6-51 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, use Gaussian elimination to solve the system.

x−3 4 − y−1 3 +2z=−1 x+5 2 + y+5 2 + z+5 2 =7 x+y+z=1

Answer

No solutions exist.

7.6-53 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, set up the augmented matrix that describes the situation, and solve for the desired solution.

At Bakari's competing cupcake store, $4,520 worth of cupcakes are sold daily. The chocolate cupcakes cost $2.25 and the red velvet cupcakes cost $1.75. If the total number of cupcakes sold per day is 2,200, how many of each flavor are sold each day?

Answer

860 red velvet, 1,340 chocolate

7.6-55 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, set up the augmented matrix that describes the situation, and solve for the desired solution.

You invested $2,300 into account 1, and $2,700 into account 2. If the total amount of interest after one year is $254, and account 2 has 1.5 times the interest rate of account 1, what are the interest rates? Assume simple interest rates.

Answer

4% for account 1, 6% for account 2

7.6-57 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, set up the augmented matrix that describes the situation, and solve for the desired solution.

A major appliance store has agreed to order vacuums from a startup founded by college engineering students. The store would be able to purchase the vacuums for $86 each, with a delivery fee of $9,200, regardless of how many vacuums are sold. If the store needs to start seeing a profit after 230 units are sold, how much should they charge for the vacuums?

Answer

$126

7.6-59 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, set up the augmented matrix that describes the situation, and solve for the desired solution.

At an ice cream shop, three flavors are increasing in demand. Last year, banana, pumpkin, and rocky road ice cream made up 12% of total ice cream sales. This year, the same three ice creams made up 16.9% of ice cream sales. The rocky road sales doubled, the banana sales increased by 50%, and the pumpkin sales increased by 20%. If the rocky road ice cream had one less percent of sales than the banana ice cream, find out the percentage of ice cream sales each individual ice cream made last year.

Answer

Banana was 3%, pumpkin was 7%, and rocky road was 2%

7.6-61 §7.6 source ↗

For the following exercises, set up the augmented matrix that describes the situation, and solve for the desired solution.

A bag of mixed nuts contains cashews, pistachios, and almonds. Originally there were 900 nuts in the bag. 30% of the almonds, 20% of the cashews, and 10% of the pistachios were eaten, and now there are 770 nuts left in the bag. Originally, there were 100 more cashews than almonds. Figure out how many of each type of nut was in the bag to begin with.

Answer

100 almonds, 200 cashews, 600 pistachios

Try It #2 §7.7 source ↗

Show that the following two matrices are inverses of each other.

A=[ 1 4 −1 −3 ],B=[ −3 −4 1 1 ]

Answer

AB=[ 1 4 −1 −3 ] [ −3 −4 1 1 ]=[ 1(−3)+4(1) 1(−4)+4(1) −1(−3)+−3(1) −1(−4)+−3(1) ]=[ 1 0 0 1 ] BA=[ −3 −4 1 1 ] [ 1 4 −1 −3 ]=[ −3(1)+−4(−1) −3(4)+−4(−3) 1(1)+1(−1) 1(4)+1(−3) ]=[ 1 0 0 1 ]

Try It #3 §7.7 source ↗

Use the formula to find the inverse of matrix A. Verify your answer by augmenting with the identity matrix.

A=[ 1 −1 2 3 ]

Answer

A −1 =[ 3 5 1 5 − 2 5 1 5 ]

Try It #4 §7.7 source ↗

Find the inverse of the 3×3 matrix.

A=[ 2 −17 11 −1 11 −7 0 3 −2 ]

Answer

A −1 =[ 1 1 2 2 4 −3 3 6 −5 ]

Try It #5 §7.7 source ↗

Solve the system using the inverse of the coefficient matrix.

 2x−17y+11z=0  −x+11y−7z=8               3y−2z=−2

Answer

X=[ 4 38 58 ]

7.7-1 §7.7 source ↗

In a previous section, we showed that matrix multiplication is not commutative, that is, AB≠BA in most cases. Can you explain why matrix multiplication is commutative for matrix inverses, that is, A −1 A=A A −1 ?

Answer

If A −1 is the inverse of A, then A A −1 =I, the identity matrix. Since A is also the inverse of A −1 , A −1 A=I. You can also check by proving this for a 2×2 matrix.

7.7-3 §7.7 source ↗

Can you explain whether a 2×2 matrix with an entire row of zeros can have an inverse?

Answer

No, because ad and bc are both 0, so ad−bc=0, which requires us to divide by 0 in the formula.

7.7-5 §7.7 source ↗

Can a matrix with zeros on the diagonal have an inverse? If so, find an example. If not, prove why not. For simplicity, assume a 2×2 matrix.

Answer

Yes. Consider the matrix [ 0 1 1 0 ]. The inverse is found with the following calculation: A −1 = 1 0(0)−1(1) [ 0 −1 −1 0 ]=[ 0 1 1 0 ].

7.7-7 §7.7 source ↗

In the following exercises, show that matrix A is the inverse of matrix B.

A=[ 1 2 3 4 ],B=[ −2 1 3 2 − 1 2 ]

Answer

AB=BA=[ 1 0 0 1 ]=I

7.7-9 §7.7 source ↗

In the following exercises, show that matrix A is the inverse of matrix B.

A=[ −2 1 2 3 −1 ],B=[ −2 −1 −6 −4 ]

Answer

AB=BA=[ 1 0 0 1 ]=I

7.7-11 §7.7 source ↗

In the following exercises, show that matrix A is the inverse of matrix B.

A=[ 1 2 3 4 0 2 1 6 9 ],B= 1 4 [ 6 0 −2 17 −3 −5 −12 2 4 ]

Answer

AB=BA=[ 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 ]=I

7.7-13 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the multiplicative inverse of each matrix, if it exists.

[ 3 −2 1 9 ]

Answer

1 29 [ 9 2 −1 3 ]

7.7-15 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the multiplicative inverse of each matrix, if it exists.

[ −3 7 9 2 ]

Answer

1 69 [ −2 7 9 3 ]

7.7-17 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the multiplicative inverse of each matrix, if it exists.

[ 1 1 2 2 ]

Answer

There is no inverse

7.7-19 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the multiplicative inverse of each matrix, if it exists.

[ 0.5 1.5 1 −0.5 ]

Answer

4 7 [ 0.5 1.5 1 −0.5 ]

7.7-21 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the multiplicative inverse of each matrix, if it exists.

[ 0 1 −3 4 1 0 1 0 5 ]

Answer

1 17 [ −5 5 −3 20 −3 12 1 −1 4 ]

7.7-23 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the multiplicative inverse of each matrix, if it exists.

[ 1 9 −3 2 5 6 4 −2 7 ]

Answer

1 209 [ 47 −57 69 10 19 −12 −24 38 −13 ]

7.7-25 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the multiplicative inverse of each matrix, if it exists.

[ 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 ]

Answer

[ 18 60 −168 −56 −140 448 40 80 −280 ]

7.7-27 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system using the inverse of a 2×2 matrix.

5x−6y=−61 4x+3y=−2

Answer

( −5,6 )

7.7-29 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system using the inverse of a 2×2 matrix.

3x−2y=6 −x+5y=−2

Answer

( 2,0 )

7.7-31 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system using the inverse of a 2×2 matrix.

−3x−4y=9 12x+4y=−6

Answer

( 1 3 ,− 5 2 )

7.7-33 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system using the inverse of a 2×2 matrix.

8 5 x− 4 5 y= 2 5 − 8 5 x+ 1 5 y= 7 10

Answer

( − 2 3 ,− 11 6 )

7.7-35 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve a system using the inverse of a 3×3 matrix.

3x−2y+5z=21 5x+4y=37 x−2y−5z=5

Answer

( 7, 1 2 , 1 5 )

7.7-37 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve a system using the inverse of a 3×3 matrix.

6x−5y−z=31 −x+2y+z=−6 3x+3y+2z=13

Answer

( 5,0,−1 )

7.7-39 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve a system using the inverse of a 3×3 matrix.

4x−2y+3z=−12 2x+2y−9z=33 6y−4z=1

Answer

1 34 ( −35,−97,−154 )

7.7-41 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve a system using the inverse of a 3×3 matrix.

1 2 x− 1 5 y+ 1 5 z= 31 100 − 3 4 x− 1 4 y+ 1 2 z= 7 40 − 4 5 x− 1 2 y+ 3 2 z= 1 4

Answer

1 690 ( 65,−1136,−229 )

7.7-43 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, use a calculator to solve the system of equations with matrix inverses.

2x−y=−3 −x+2y=2.3

Answer

( − 37 30 , 8 15 )

7.7-45 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, use a calculator to solve the system of equations with matrix inverses.

12.3x−2y−2.5z=2 36.9x+7y−7.5z=−7 8y−5z=−10

Answer

( 10 123 ,−1, 2 5 )

7.7-47 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the inverse of the given matrix.

[ 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 ]

Answer

1 2 [ 2 1 −1 −1 0 1 1 −1 0 −1 1 1 0 1 −1 1 ]

7.7-49 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the inverse of the given matrix.

[ 1 −2 3 0 0 1 0 2 1 4 −2 3 −5 0 1 1 ]

Answer

1 39 [ 3 2 1 −7 18 −53 32 10 24 −36 21 9 −9 46 −16 −5 ]

7.7-51 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the inverse of the given matrix.

[ 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

Answer

[ 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 1 ]

7.7-53 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, write a system of equations that represents the situation. Then, solve the system using the inverse of a matrix.

In the previous exercise, if you were told there were 400 more tickets sold for floor 2 than floor 1, how much was the price of each ticket?

Answer

Infinite solutions.

7.7-55 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, write a system of equations that represents the situation. Then, solve the system using the inverse of a matrix.

Students were asked to bring their favorite fruit to class. 95% of the fruits consisted of banana, apple, and oranges. If oranges were twice as popular as bananas, and apples were 5% less popular than bananas, what are the percentages of each individual fruit?

Answer

50% oranges, 25% bananas, 20% apples

7.7-57 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, write a system of equations that represents the situation. Then, solve the system using the inverse of a matrix.

A clothing store needs to order new inventory. It has three different types of hats for sale: straw hats, beanies, and cowboy hats. The straw hat is priced at $13.99, the beanie at $7.99, and the cowboy hat at $14.49. If 100 hats were sold this past quarter, $1,119 was taken in by sales, and the amount of beanies sold was 10 more than cowboy hats, how many of each should the clothing store order to replace those already sold?

Answer

10 straw hats, 50 beanies, 40 cowboy hats

7.7-59 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, write a system of equations that represents the situation. Then, solve the system using the inverse of a matrix.

Three roommates shared a package of 12 ice cream bars, but no one remembers who ate how many. If Micah ate twice as many ice cream bars as Joe, and Albert ate three less than Micah, how many ice cream bars did each roommate eat?

Answer

Micah ate 6, Joe ate 3, and Albert ate 3.

7.7-61 §7.7 source ↗

For the following exercises, write a system of equations that represents the situation. Then, solve the system using the inverse of a matrix.

Jay has lemon, orange, and pomegranate trees in his backyard. An orange weighs 8 oz, a lemon 5 oz, and a pomegranate 11 oz. Jay picked 142 pieces of fruit weighing a total of 70 lb, 10 oz. He picked 15.5 times more oranges than pomegranates. How many of each fruit did Jay pick?

Answer

124 oranges, 10 lemons, 8 pomegranates

Try It #1 §7.8 source ↗

Use Cramer’s Rule to solve the 2 × 2 system of equations.

  x+2y=−11 −2x+y=−13

Answer

( 3,−7 )

Try It #2 §7.8 source ↗

Find the determinant of the 3 × 3 matrix.

det(A)=| 1 −3 7 1 1 1 1 −2 3 |

Answer

−10

Try It #3 §7.8 source ↗

Use Cramer’s Rule to solve the 3 × 3 matrix.

x−3y+7z=13 x+y+z=1 x−2y+3z=4

Answer

( −2, 3 5 , 12 5 )

7.8-1 §7.8 source ↗

Explain why we can always evaluate the determinant of a square matrix.

Answer

A determinant is the sum and products of the entries in the matrix, so you can always evaluate that product—even if it does end up being 0.

7.8-3 §7.8 source ↗

Explain what it means in terms of an inverse for a matrix to have a 0 determinant.

Answer

The inverse does not exist.

7.8-5 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the determinant.

| 1 2 3 4 |

Answer

−2

7.8-7 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the determinant.

| 2 −5 −1 6 |

Answer

7

7.8-9 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the determinant.

| 1 0 3 −4 |

Answer

−4

7.8-11 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the determinant.

| 10 0.2 5 0.1 |

Answer

0

7.8-13 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the determinant.

| −2 −3 3.1 4,000 |

Answer

−7,990.7

7.8-15 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the determinant.

| −1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 −3 |

Answer

3

7.8-17 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the determinant.

| 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 |

Answer

−1

7.8-19 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the determinant.

| −2 1 4 −4 2 −8 2 −8 −3 |

Answer

224

7.8-21 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the determinant.

| 5 1 −1 2 3 1 3 −6 −3 |

Answer

15

7.8-23 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, find the determinant.

| 2 −1.6 3.1 1.1 3 −8 −9.3 0 2 |

Answer

−17.03

7.8-25 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of linear equations using Cramer’s Rule.

2x−3y=−1 4x+5y=9

Answer

( 1,1 )

7.8-27 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of linear equations using Cramer’s Rule.

6x−3y=2 −8x+9y=−1

Answer

( 1 2 , 1 3 )

7.8-29 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of linear equations using Cramer’s Rule.

4x+3y=23 2x−y=−1

Answer

( 2,5 )

7.8-31 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of linear equations using Cramer’s Rule.

4x−3y=−3 2x+6y=−4

Answer

( −1,− 1 3 )

7.8-33 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of linear equations using Cramer’s Rule.

4x+10y=180 −3x−5y=−105

Answer

( 15,12 )

7.8-35 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of linear equations using Cramer’s Rule.

x+2y−4z=−1 7x+3y+5z=26 −2x−6y+7z=−6

Answer

( 1,3,2 )

7.8-37 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of linear equations using Cramer’s Rule.

4x+5y−z=−7 −2x−9y+2z=8 5y+7z=21

Answer

( −1,0,3 )

7.8-39 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of linear equations using Cramer’s Rule.

4x−2y+3z=6 −6x+y=−2 2x+7y+8z=24

Answer

( 1 2 ,1,2 )

7.8-41 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of linear equations using Cramer’s Rule.

13x−17y+16z=73 −11x+15y+17z=61 46x+10y−30z=−18

Answer

( 2,1,4 )

7.8-43 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of linear equations using Cramer’s Rule.

4x−6y+8z=10 −2x+3y−4z=−5 x+y+z=1

Answer

Infinite solutions

7.8-45 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the determinant function on a graphing utility.

| 1 0 8 9 0 2 1 0 1 0 3 0 0 2 4 3 |

Answer

24

7.8-47 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, use the determinant function on a graphing utility.

| 1 2 1 7 4 0 1 2 100 5 0 0 2 2,000 0 0 0 2 |

Answer

1

7.8-49 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, create a system of linear equations to describe the behavior. Then, calculate the determinant. Will there be a unique solution? If so, find the unique solution.

Two numbers add up to 56. One number is 20 less than the other.

Answer

Yes; 18, 38

7.8-51 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, create a system of linear equations to describe the behavior. Then, calculate the determinant. Will there be a unique solution? If so, find the unique solution.

Three numbers add up to 106. The first number is 3 less than the second number. The third number is 4 more than the first number.

Answer

Yes; 33, 36, 37

7.8-53 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, create a system of linear equations to describe the behavior. Then, solve the system for all solutions using Cramer’s Rule.

You invest $10,000 into two accounts, which receive 8% interest and 5% interest. At the end of a year, you had $10,710 in your combined accounts. How much was invested in each account?

Answer

$7,000 in first account, $3,000 in second account.

7.8-55 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, create a system of linear equations to describe the behavior. Then, solve the system for all solutions using Cramer’s Rule.

A theater needs to know how many adult tickets and children tickets were sold out of the 1,200 total tickets. If children’s tickets are $5.95, adult tickets are $11.15, and the total amount of revenue was $12,756, how many children’s tickets and adult tickets were sold?

Answer

120 children, 1,080 adult

7.8-57 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, create a system of linear equations to describe the behavior. Then, solve the system for all solutions using Cramer’s Rule.

You decide to paint your kitchen green. You create the color of paint by mixing yellow and blue paints. You cannot remember how many gallons of each color went into your mix, but you know there were 10 gal total. Additionally, you kept your receipt, and know the total amount spent was $29.50. If each gallon of yellow costs $2.59, and each gallon of blue costs $3.19, how many gallons of each color go into your green mix?

Answer

4 gal yellow, 6 gal blue

7.8-59 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, create a system of linear equations to describe the behavior. Then, solve the system for all solutions using Cramer’s Rule.

Your garden produced two types of tomatoes, one green and one red. The red weigh 10 oz, and the green weigh 4 oz. You have 30 tomatoes, and a total weight of 13 lb, 14 oz. How many of each type of tomato do you have?

Answer

13 green tomatoes, 17 red tomatoes

7.8-61 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, create a system of linear equations to describe the behavior. Then, solve the system for all solutions using Cramer’s Rule.

At the same market, the three most popular fruits make up 37% of the total fruit sold. Strawberries sell twice as much as oranges, and kiwis sell one more percentage point than oranges. For each fruit, find the percentage of total fruit sold.

Answer

Strawberries 18%, oranges 9%, kiwi 10%

7.8-63 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, create a system of linear equations to describe the behavior. Then, solve the system for all solutions using Cramer’s Rule.

A movie theatre sold tickets to three movies. The tickets to the first movie were $5, the tickets to the second movie were $11, and the third movie was $12. 100 tickets were sold to the first movie. The total number of tickets sold was 642, for a total revenue of $6,774. How many tickets for each movie were sold?

Answer

100 for movie 1, 230 for movie 2, 312 for movie 3

7.8-65 §7.8 source ↗

For the following exercises, use this scenario: A health-conscious company decides to make a trail mix out of almonds, dried cranberries, and chocolate-covered cashews. The nutritional information for these items is shown in Table 1.

Fat (g) Protein (g) Carbohydrates (g)
Almonds (10) 6 2 3
Cranberries (10) 0.02 0 8
Cashews (10) 7 3.5 5.5
Table 1

For the “hiking” mix, there are 1,000 pieces in the mix, containing 390.8 g of fat, and 165 g of protein. If there is the same amount of almonds as cashews, how many of each item is in the trail mix?

Answer

300 almonds, 400 cranberries, 300 cashews

7.R-1 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, determine whether the ordered pair is a solution to the system of equations.

3x−y=4 x+4y=−3 and (−1,1)

Answer

No

7.R-3 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, use substitution to solve the system of equations.

10x+5y=−5 3x−2y=−12

Answer

( −2,3 )

7.R-5 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, use substitution to solve the system of equations.

5x+6y=14 4x+8y=8

Answer

( 4,−1 )

7.R-7 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, use addition to solve the system of equations.

3x+4y=2 9x+12y=3

Answer

No solutions exist.

7.R-9 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, write a system of equations to solve each problem. Solve the system of equations.

A factory has a cost of production C(x)= 150x+ 15,000 and a revenue function R(x)=200x. What is the break-even point?

Answer

(300,60,000)

7.R-11 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of three equations using substitution or addition.

0.5x−0.5y=10 −0.2y+0.2x=4 0.1x+0.1z=2

Answer

Infinite solutions

7.R-13 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of three equations using substitution or addition.

x+y+z=1 2x+2y+2z=1 3x+3y=2

Answer

No solutions exist.

7.R-15 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of three equations using substitution or addition.

3x+2y−z=−10 x−y+2z=7 −x+3y+z=−2

Answer

( −1,−2,3 )

7.R-17 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of three equations using substitution or addition.

2x−3y+z=0 2x+4y−3z=0 6x−2y−z=0

Answer

( x, 8x 5 , 14x 5 )

7.R-19 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, write a system of equations to solve each problem. Solve the system of equations.

Three odd numbers sum up to 61. The smaller is one-third the larger and the middle number is 16 less than the larger. What are the three numbers?

Answer

11, 17, 33

7.R-21 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of nonlinear equations.

y= x 2 −7 y=5x−13

Answer

(2,−3), (3,2)

7.R-23 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of nonlinear equations.

x 2 + y 2 =16 y=x−8

Answer

No solution

7.R-25 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of nonlinear equations.

x 2 + y 2 =4 y− x 2 =3

Answer

No solution

7.R-27 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, graph the inequality.

1 4 x 2 + y 2 < 4

Answer

A coordinate plane with x and y axes ranging from -5 to 5. A light blue shaded ellipse is shown, centered at the origin (0,0). The ellipse has a dashed dark blue boundary. It extends horizontally from x = -4 to x = 4, and vertically from y = -2 to y = 2.

7.R-29 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, graph the system of inequalities.

x 2 −2x+ y 2 −4x<4 y<−x+4

Answer

A two-dimensional graph displays an x-axis and a y-axis. A light blue shaded region is enclosed by two dashed lines. One boundary is a straight line segment connecting the points (1, 3) and (4, 0). The other boundary is a continuous curve that starts at (0, 3), passes through approximately (-0.5, 0) and (0, -1), and ends at (6, -2). The region extends across all four quadrants.

7.R-31 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, decompose into partial fractions.

−2x+6 x 2 +3x+2

Answer

2 x+2 , −4 x+1

7.R-33 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, decompose into partial fractions.

7x+20 x 2 +10x+25

Answer

7 x+5 , −15 (x+5) 2

7.R-35 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, decompose into partial fractions.

− x 2 +36x+70 x 3 −125

Answer

3 x−5 , −4x+1 x 2 +5x+25

7.R-37 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, decompose into partial fractions.

x 3 −4 x 2 +3x+11 ( x 2 −2) 2

Answer

x−4 ( x 2 −2) , 5x+3 ( x 2 −2) 2

7.R-39 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, perform the requested operations on the given matrices.

A=[ 4 −2 1 3 ],B=[ 6 7 −3 11 −2 4 ],C=[ 6 7 11 −2 14 0 ],D=[ 1 −4 9 10 5 −7 2 8 5 ],E=[ 7 −14 3 2 −1 3 0 1 9 ]

−4A

Answer

[ −16 8 −4 −12 ]

7.R-41 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, perform the requested operations on the given matrices.

A=[ 4 −2 1 3 ],B=[ 6 7 −3 11 −2 4 ],C=[ 6 7 11 −2 14 0 ],D=[ 1 −4 9 10 5 −7 2 8 5 ],E=[ 7 −14 3 2 −1 3 0 1 9 ]

B+C

Answer

undefined; dimensions do not match

7.R-43 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, perform the requested operations on the given matrices.

A=[ 4 −2 1 3 ],B=[ 6 7 −3 11 −2 4 ],C=[ 6 7 11 −2 14 0 ],D=[ 1 −4 9 10 5 −7 2 8 5 ],E=[ 7 −14 3 2 −1 3 0 1 9 ]

BA

Answer

undefined; inner dimensions do not match

7.R-45 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, perform the requested operations on the given matrices.

A=[ 4 −2 1 3 ],B=[ 6 7 −3 11 −2 4 ],C=[ 6 7 11 −2 14 0 ],D=[ 1 −4 9 10 5 −7 2 8 5 ],E=[ 7 −14 3 2 −1 3 0 1 9 ]

CB

Answer

[ 113 28 10 44 81 −41 84 98 −42 ]

7.R-47 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, perform the requested operations on the given matrices.

A=[ 4 −2 1 3 ],B=[ 6 7 −3 11 −2 4 ],C=[ 6 7 11 −2 14 0 ],D=[ 1 −4 9 10 5 −7 2 8 5 ],E=[ 7 −14 3 2 −1 3 0 1 9 ]

ED

Answer

[ −127 −74 176 −2 11 40 28 77 38 ]

7.R-49 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, perform the requested operations on the given matrices.

A=[ 4 −2 1 3 ],B=[ 6 7 −3 11 −2 4 ],C=[ 6 7 11 −2 14 0 ],D=[ 1 −4 9 10 5 −7 2 8 5 ],E=[ 7 −14 3 2 −1 3 0 1 9 ]

CE

Answer

undefined; inner dimensions do not match

7.R-51 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, write the system of linear equations from the augmented matrix. Indicate whether there will be a unique solution.

[ 1 0 −3 0 1 2 0 0 0 | 7 −5 0 ]

Answer

x−3z=7 y+2z=−5 with infinite solutions

7.R-53 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, write the augmented matrix from the system of linear equations.

−2x+2y+z=7 2x−8y+5z=0 19x−10y+22z=3

Answer

[ −2 2 1 2 −8 5 19 −10 22 | 7 0 3 ]

7.R-55 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, write the augmented matrix from the system of linear equations.

x+3z=12 −x+4y=0 y+2z=−7

Answer

[ 1 0 3 −1 4 0 0 1 2 | 12 0 −7 ]

7.R-57 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of linear equations using Gaussian elimination.

3x−4y=1 −6x+8y=6

Answer

No solutions exist.

7.R-59 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the system of linear equations using Gaussian elimination.

2x+3y+2z=1 −4x−6y−4z=−2 10x+15y+10z=0

Answer

No solutions exist.

7.R-61 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, find the inverse of the matrix.

[ −0.2 1.4 1.2 −0.4 ]

Answer

1 8 [ 2 7 6 1 ]

7.R-63 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, find the inverse of the matrix.

[ 12 9 −6 −1 3 2 −4 −3 2 ]

Answer

No inverse exists.

7.R-65 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, find the solutions by computing the inverse of the matrix.

0.3x−0.1y=−10 −0.1x+0.3y=14

Answer

( −20,40 )

7.R-67 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, find the solutions by computing the inverse of the matrix.

4x+3y−3z=−4.3 5x−4y−z=−6.1 x+z=−0.7

Answer

( −1,0.2,0.3 )

7.R-69 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, write a system of equations to solve each problem. Solve the system of equations.

Students were asked to bring their favorite fruit to class. 90% of the fruits consisted of banana, apple, and oranges. If oranges were half as popular as bananas and apples were 5% more popular than bananas, what are the percentages of each individual fruit?

Answer

17% oranges, 34% bananas, 39% apples

7.R-71 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, find the determinant.

| 100 0 0 0 |

Answer

0

7.R-73 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, find the determinant.

| −1 4 3 0 2 3 0 0 −3 |

Answer

6

7.R-75 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, use Cramer’s Rule to solve the linear systems of equations.

4x−2y=23 −5x−10y=−35

Answer

( 6, 1 2 )

7.R-77 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, use Cramer’s Rule to solve the linear systems of equations.

−0.5x+0.1y=0.3 −0.25x+0.05y=0.15

Answer

(x, 5x + 3)

7.R-79 §7.R source ↗

For the following exercises, use Cramer’s Rule to solve the linear systems of equations.

4x−3y+5z=− 5 2 7x−9y−3z= 3 2 x−5y−5z= 5 2

Answer

( 0,0,− 1 2 )

7.T-1 §7.T source ↗

Is the following ordered pair a solution to the system of equations?

−5x−y=12 x+4y=9 with (−3,3)

Answer

Yes

7.T-3 §7.T source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the systems of linear and nonlinear equations using substitution or elimination. Indicate if no solution exists.

− 1 2 x−4y=4 2x+16y=2

Answer

No solutions exist.

7.T-5 §7.T source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the systems of linear and nonlinear equations using substitution or elimination. Indicate if no solution exists.

4x−6y−2z= 1 10 x−7y+5z=− 1 4 3x+6y−9z= 6 5

Answer

1 20 ( 10,5,4 )

7.T-7 §7.T source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the systems of linear and nonlinear equations using substitution or elimination. Indicate if no solution exists.

5x−4y−3z=0 2x+y+2z=0 x−6y−7z=0

Answer

( x, 16x 5 − 13x 5 )

7.T-9 §7.T source ↗

For the following exercises, solve the systems of linear and nonlinear equations using substitution or elimination. Indicate if no solution exists.

y 2 + x 2 =25 y 2 −2 x 2 =1

Answer

(−2 2 ,− 17 ), (−2 2 , 17 ), (2 2 ,− 17 ), (2 2 , 17 )

7.T-11 §7.T source ↗

For the following exercises, graph the following inequalities.

x 2 + y 2 >4 y< x 2 +1

Answer

This graph displays a coordinate plane with x and y axes ranging from -4 to 4. A light blue shaded region represents the solution set. This region is defined as being outside a dashed circle centered at the origin (0,0) with a radius of 2 units. The circle passes through points (2,0), (0,2), (-2,0), and (0,-2). The shaded region is also above a dashed parabola that opens upwards, with its vertex at the point (0,1). The parabola appears to pass through approximately (-1, 2) and (1, 2).This graph displays a coordinate plane with x and y axes ranging from -4 to 4. A light blue shaded region represents the solution set. This region is defined as being outside a dashed circle centered at the origin (0,0) with a radius of 2 units. The circle passes through points (2,0), (0,2), (-2,0), and (0,-2). The shaded region is also above a dashed parabola that opens upwards, with its vertex at the point (0,1). The parabola appears to pass through approximately (-1, 2) and (1, 2).

7.T-13 §7.T source ↗

For the following exercises, write the partial fraction decomposition.

13x+2 (3x+1) 2

Answer

5 3x+1 − 2x+3 (3x+1) 2

7.T-15 §7.T source ↗

For the following exercises, perform the given matrix operations.

5[ 4 9 −2 3 ]+ 1 2 [ −6 12 4 −8 ]

Answer

[ 17 51 −8 11 ]

7.T-17 §7.T source ↗

For the following exercises, perform the given matrix operations.

[ 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 ] −1

Answer

[ 12 −20 −15 30 ]

7.T-19 §7.T source ↗

For the following exercises, perform the given matrix operations.

det| 1 2 − 1 2 0 − 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 |

Answer

− 1 8

7.T-21 §7.T source ↗

For the following exercises, perform the given matrix operations.

Rewrite the system of linear equations as an augmented matrix.

14x−2y+13z=140 −2x+3y−6z=−1 x−5y+12z=11

Answer

[ 14 −2 13 −2 3 −6 1 −5 12 | 140 −1 11 ]

7.T-23 §7.T source ↗

For the following exercises, use Gaussian elimination to solve the systems of equations.

x−6y=4 2x−12y=0

Answer

No solutions exist.

7.T-25 §7.T source ↗

For the following exercises, use the inverse of a matrix to solve the systems of equations.

4x−5y=−50 −x+2y=80

Answer

( 100,90 )

7.T-27 §7.T source ↗

For the following exercises, use Cramer’s Rule to solve the systems of equations.

200x−300y=2 400x+715y=4

Answer

( 1 100 ,0 )

7.T-29 §7.T source ↗

For the following exercises, solve using a system of linear equations.

A factory producing cell phones has the following cost and revenue functions: C(x)= x 2 + 75x+ 2,688 and R(x)= x 2 + 160x. What is the range of cell phones they should produce each day so there is profit? Round to the nearest number that generates profit.

Answer

32 or more cell phones per day

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Problems and answers are adapted from College Algebra with Corequisite Support 2e by Jay Abramson and Sharon North, OpenStax, and are used under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/college-algebra-corequisite-support-2e/pages/1-introduction-to-prerequisites. Illustrations: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This adaptation is released under the same licence, is non-commercial, and is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by OpenStax or Rice University.