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Chapter 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood (Ages 3 to 6)

Every problem in the chapter beside the book’s answer, a chapter at a time as you scroll.

Chapter 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood (Ages 3 to 6)

11 problems · 0 figures

5-1 §5.1 source ↗

What is a cause of stunting in children?
  1. a.
    prenatal exposure to lead
  2. b.
    poor sleep
  3. c.
    inadequate nutrition
  4. d.
    maternal stress

Answer

C. inadequate nutrition

5-3 §5.1 source ↗

For how many hours does the average preschool child sleep in a 24-hour period?
  1. a.
    7–8 hours
  2. b.
    9–10 hours
  3. c.
    10–13 hours
  4. d.
    13–15 hours

Answer

C. 10–13 hours

5-5 §5.2 source ↗

The improvement in motor skills typically observed during early childhood are facilitated by an increase in
  1. a.
    the branching of dendrites
  2. b.
    the number of neurons
  3. c.
    myelination of neural axons
  4. d.
    branching of axons

Answer

C. myelination of neural axons

5-7 §5.2 source ↗

What does research recommend about the way children, regardless of individual or group differences, should be supported in motor behavior?
  1. a.
    All children, regardless of sex or physical disability differences, should be equally provided with opportunities and support for motor development.
  2. b.
    Motor behavior developmental support should be provided less for children with physical disabilities than for children without them to avoid developing reliance on extra assistance.
  3. c.
    Girls should receive more support in gross motor activities and boys should receive more support in fine motor activities to make up for biological differences.
  4. d.
    All children, regardless of sex or physical disability differences, can develop without support for motor behavior because it will happen automatically.

Answer

A. All children, regardless of sex or physical disability differences, should be equally provided with opportunities and support for motor development.

5-9 §5.3 source ↗

Children at the beginning of Piaget’s second stage of cognitive development children are thought to ________.
  1. a.
    engage in sophisticated abstract thought
  2. b.
    rely on sensory information and motor movement to learn about the world
  3. c.
    think in an increasingly logical way that emphasizes tangible objects
  4. d.
    lack logical and reversible mental actions known as operations

Answer

D. lack logical and reversible mental actions known as operations

5-11 §5.3 source ↗

The sociocultural theory of cognitive development views cognitive development as a continuous process centered on a child’s ________.
  1. a.
    inherited capabilities
  2. b.
    social and cultural influences
  3. c.
    stages of psychosocial development
  4. d.
    grasp of centration and conservation

Answer

B. social and cultural influences

5-13 §5.4 source ↗

According to research conducted by Hart and Risley, how can families increase their children’s language skills?
  1. a.
    by having children watch more children’s television programs
  2. b.
    by talking to children more frequently
  3. c.
    by providing more stimulating toys
  4. d.
    by serving more nutritious meals

Answer

B. by talking to children more frequently

5-15 §5.4 source ↗

What appears to be the most important environmental variable in the development of language in children?
  1. a.
    parents’ marital status
  2. b.
    family income level
  3. c.
    a language-rich environment
  4. d.
    cerebral volume

Answer

C. a language-rich environment

5-17 §5.4 source ↗

What characteristic is shared by semantics, syntax, and pragmatics?
  1. a.
    They strongly affect cognitive and socioemotional development.
  2. b.
    They strongly affect cognitive, socioemotional, and physical development
  3. c.
    They strongly affect cognitive and physical development
  4. d.
    They strongly affect physical and socioemotional development

Answer

A. They strongly affect cognitive and socioemotional development.

5-19 §5.5 source ↗

Play in early childhood primarily promotes what aspect(s) of development?
  1. a.
    physical development
  2. b.
    physical and psychosocial development
  3. c.
    physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development
  4. d.
    physical and cognitive development

Answer

C. physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development

5-21 §5.5 source ↗

In what type of play do children play separately from each other but engage in similar activities?
  1. a.
    associative play
  2. b.
    parallel play
  3. c.
    solitary play
  4. d.
    unoccupied play

Answer

B. parallel play

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Problems and answers are adapted from Lifespan Development by Diana Riser, Rose Spielman and David Biek, OpenStax, and are used under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/lifespan-development/pages/1-what-does-psychology-say. Illustrations: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This adaptation is released under the same licence, is non-commercial, and is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by OpenStax or Rice University.