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Chapter 2: A Holistic View of Macronutrients

Every problem in the chapter beside the book’s answer, a chapter at a time as you scroll.

Chapter 2: A Holistic View of Macronutrients

10 problems · 0 figures

2-1 §2.RQ source ↗

Amber County has issued a public health warning because arsenic was found in the drinking water. What is the safest way for community members to address this contamination?
  1. a.
    Obtain water from a neighboring county.
  2. b.
    Boil the water.
  3. c.
    Buy a water softener.
  4. d.
    Purchase bottled water.

Answer

D. Purchase bottled water.
Arsenic is heavy metal and will not clear by boiling, so purchasing water is the best choice.

2-2 §2.RQ source ↗

The nurse is assisting a client to calculate their daily caloric intake. How many calories per gram should the nurse advise the client to assign for water?
  1. a.
    0
  2. b.
    4
  3. c.
    5
  4. d.
    7

Answer

A. 0
Water does not contain any energy and is calorie free.

2-3 §2.RQ source ↗

The nurse is teaching the client about the Mediterranean diet. Which instruction will the nurse give the client?
  1. a.
    Decrease consumption of complex carbohydrates.
  2. b.
    Increase intake of fish.
  3. c.
    Avoid eating legumes.
  4. d.
    Increase intake of dairy products.

Answer

B. Increase intake of fish.
The Mediterranean diet is high in complex carbohydrates (fruits, vegetables, beans, legumes, nuts, and seeds) as well as fish, seafood, and poultry and includes moderate amounts of dairy products.

2-4 §2.RQ source ↗

Which instruction would the nurse give to a client who is lactose intolerant?
  1. a.
    Eat lactose-free dairy products.
  2. b.
    Drink milk in small amounts.
  3. c.
    Take a lactase enzyme after consuming a dairy product.
  4. d.
    Drink milk fortified with vitamin D.

Answer

A. Eat lactose-free dairy products.
The individual who is lactose intolerant should consume lactose-free dairy products.

2-5 §2.RQ source ↗

The nurse is teaching the client about dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids. Which food source will the nurse include?
  1. a.
    Meat
  2. b.
    Poultry
  3. c.
    Vegetables
  4. d.
    Salmon

Answer

D. Salmon
Omega-3 fatty acids play a role in heart health and are found in salmon, eggs, soybeans, flaxseed, and canola oil.

2-6 §2.RQ source ↗

The nurse is assessing a client who describes the color of their urine as pale yellow. Which statement would the nurse give to the client?
  1. a.
    “You probably have a urinary tract infection.”
  2. b.
    “You need to drink more fluids.”
  3. c.
    “You need to decrease your water intake.”
  4. d.
    “You are well hydrated.”

Answer

D. “You are well hydrated.”
The client who is well hydrated will have pale or light-colored urine.

2-7 §2.RQ source ↗

The nurse instructs a client who has been following a vegetarian diet and has asked questions about the quality of protein in grains. After explaining about complete proteins that provide all of the essential amino acids in one food, the nurse presents the following list and asks the client to choose the one that is a complete protein. Which food choice, selected by the client, indicates to the nurse that the client understands the instruction?
  1. a.
    Oats
  2. b.
    Barley
  3. c.
    Soy
  4. d.
    Wheat

Answer

C. Soy
Soy is the only complete protein listed. Oats, barley, and wheat are incomplete proteins and do not include all essential amino acids.

2-8 §2.RQ source ↗

Which food choice indicates to the nurse that a client understands postoperative dietary guidelines for gallbladder surgery?
  1. a.
    Fried grouper
  2. b.
    Ribeye steak
  3. c.
    Pasta with marinara sauce
  4. d.
    Green salad with cheese, ham cubes, and ranch dressing

Answer

C. Pasta with marinara sauce
Pasta with a plain red sauce is the lowest-fat item on the list and contains less than 3 g of fat per serving.

2-9 §2.RQ source ↗

The nurse is providing dietary instruction to a team of college athletes. Which source of energy does the nurse explain is used first during exercise?
  1. a.
    Circulating glucose
  2. b.
    Stored glycogen
  3. c.
    Skeletal muscle
  4. d.
    Fat stores

Answer

A. Circulating glucose
During exercise, circulating glucose is the first source of energy used. When this energy source is depleted, glycogen stored in skeletal muscle is used, followed by fat.

2-10 §2.RQ source ↗

The nurse is caring for a client with stage 3 chronic kidney disease. What is the maximum protein intake for this client who weighs 75 kg?
  1. a.
    40 g
  2. b.
    45 g
  3. c.
    50 g
  4. d.
    55 g

Answer

B. 45 g
The client with stage 3 chronic kidney disease should consume no more than 0.6 g/kg of body weight daily. Therefore, 0.6 g/kg × 75 kg = 45   g of protein daily.

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Problems and answers are adapted from Nutrition for Nurses by Emerald Charity Bilbrew, Jody Vogelzang and Kelli Whittington, OpenStax, and are used under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/nutrition/pages/1-introduction. Illustrations: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This adaptation is released under the same licence, is non-commercial, and is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by OpenStax or Rice University.