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Chapter 14: The Promotion Mix: Advertising and Public Relations

28 problems · 0 figures

Knowledge Check 14.1.1 §14.1 source ↗

Promoting a product in a television commercial aligns with which of the promotion mix elements?
  1. a.
    Advertising
  2. b.
    Public affairs
  3. c.
    Social media
  4. d.
    Institutional advertising

Answer

A. Advertising
One media channel used in advertising is commercials.

Knowledge Check 14.1.2 §14.1 source ↗

You see a television advertisement from Ford thanking frontline heroes during the pandemic. Which term best describes this advertisement?
  1. a.
    Product advertising
  2. b.
    Public relations
  3. c.
    Institutional advertising
  4. d.
    Press relations

Answer

C. Institutional advertising
This is an example of institutional advertising.

Knowledge Check 14.1.3 §14.1 source ↗

As a new marketer in a firm, you are asked to provide the advantages of using advertising in an upcoming promotion strategy. Which of the following would be included in your list of advantages?
  1. a.
    Advertising’s per-exposure cost is an advantage.
  2. b.
    Advertising is nonpaid, so it does not cost the company.
  3. c.
    Advertising’s message is easy to change.
  4. d.
    Advertising’s effectiveness is easy to capture early.

Answer

A. Advertising’s per-exposure cost is an advantage.
Advertising has a low per-exposure cost.

Knowledge Check 14.1.4 §14.1 source ↗

Breana sees an advertisement that compares Colgate toothpaste with that of Crest. She decides to change her toothpaste brand based on this new information. Which term best describes what Breana was exposed to?
  1. a.
    Institutional advertisement
  2. b.
    Public relations
  3. c.
    Social media
  4. d.
    Product advertisement

Answer

D. Product advertisement
Product advertisements focus on one product from an organization’s product mix and/or comparing it with competitors.

Knowledge Check 14.1.5 §14.1 source ↗

Which of the following is a false statement about advertising?
  1. a.
    It is still as important to the promotion mix as other elements.
  2. b.
    It is the least costly of all promotion mix elements.
  3. c.
    It should always be a well-thought-out strategy.
  4. d.
    It assists in consumer awareness and brand loyalty.

Answer

B. It is the least costly of all promotion mix elements.
Advertising is still one of the costlier elements of the promotion mix.

Knowledge Check 14.2.1 §14.2 source ↗

Daved is a marketer looking to see how successful his new marketing campaign was. Which of the following would you suggest to Daved?
  1. a.
    Posttest
  2. b.
    Pretest
  3. c.
    Jury test
  4. d.
    Portfolio test

Answer

A. Posttest
Posttests are utilized after a campaign has launched.

Knowledge Check 14.2.2 §14.2 source ↗

As a marketer in charge of a new advertising campaign, what is the first step you will utilize in planning?
  1. a.
    Determine a budget
  2. b.
    Decide on a push or pull strategy
  3. c.
    State the objectives
  4. d.
    Execute the plan

Answer

C. State the objectives
The first step in advertising planning is determining objectives.

Knowledge Check 14.2.3 §14.2 source ↗

If the target market for a product or service is millennials, which advertising media would you most likely choose?
  1. a.
    Digital media
  2. b.
    Outdoor advertising
  3. c.
    Newspapers
  4. d.
    Billboards

Answer

A. Digital media
Millennials are more likely to see advertisements in digital form, such as social media, rather than more traditional media.

Knowledge Check 14.2.4 §14.2 source ↗

Jamal is trying to explain the difference between reach and frequency to his classmates. Which of the following best describes reach?
  1. a.
    Interactions with an advertisement
  2. b.
    Estimated number of times a potential customer will see an advertisement
  3. c.
    How quickly the audience will be reached with an advertisement
  4. d.
    Estimated number of potential customers to see an advertisement

Answer

D. Estimated number of potential customers to see an advertisement
Reach refers to the estimated number of potential customers that can be reached with an advertising campaign.

Knowledge Check 14.2.5 §14.2 source ↗

Which of the following is the final step in the advertising plan?
  1. a.
    Assessment
  2. b.
    Strategy
  3. c.
    Budgeting
  4. d.
    Execution

Answer

A. Assessment
Assessment is the final step of the advertising plan.

Knowledge Check 14.3.1 §14.3 source ↗

Ally is a new marketer trying to determine the return on ad spend that her first marketing campaign netted. She spent $20 on a Facebook advertisement, and the ad brought in $500 of revenue. Which of the following would be the return on ad spend (ROAS)?
  1. a.
    $25
  2. b.
    5:1
  3. c.
    10,000
  4. d.
    $2.50

Answer

A. $25
ROAS = $500/$20 = $25

Knowledge Check 14.3.2 §14.3 source ↗

You show your friend the Adidas logo and ask them which brand it identifies. This is an example of ________.
  1. a.
    brand impression
  2. b.
    brand awareness
  3. c.
    brand recognition
  4. d.
    conversion rate

Answer

C. brand recognition
Brand recognition involves recognizing a brand based on a picture or logo.

Knowledge Check 14.3.3 §14.3 source ↗

Coco is trying to determine if the most recent ad she created and launched has been effective at increasing revenue. Which of the following metrics would you recommend Coco use?
  1. a.
    ROAS
  2. b.
    Impressions
  3. c.
    Brand awareness
  4. d.
    Brand recognition

Answer

A. ROAS
Return on ad spend (ROAS) calculates the revenue generated for each advertising dollar spent.

Knowledge Check 14.3.4 §14.3 source ↗

Indicators that measure the effectiveness of an advertising campaign are known as ________.
  1. a.
    KMAs
  2. b.
    Recalls
  3. c.
    ROIs
  4. d.
    KPIs

Answer

D. KPIs
KPIs, or key performance indicators, measure the effectiveness of an advertising campaign.

Knowledge Check 14.3.5 §14.3 source ↗

Liam is interested in the ratings of a recent television advertisement. They are interested in calculating the impressions of this ad. Liam knows that the target population of this ad is 500,000, and the ad runs three times. Which information is Liam missing to calculate impressions?
  1. a.
    Converts
  2. b.
    Rating
  3. c.
    Conversion rate
  4. d.
    Number of weeks the ad ran

Answer

B. Rating
Impressions = Rating × Target Population × Number of Ads. In this scenario, Liam is missing the rating information.

Marketing Dashboard 14.3 §14.3 source ↗

When marketing professionals purchase advertising, they are primarily interested in who will see it. Advertising is dependent on views, as it is not direct response like search or email marketing. Therefore, marketing professionals are looking for the biggest bang for their buck. This is where cost per thousand (CPM) comes in. The “M” in cost per thousand represents the Latin term mille. CPM is the cost to advertise to 1,000 people.

An advertisement’s cost per thousand depends on a variety of factors. One such factor is how targeted an ad is to a given audience. Targetability increases the cost per thousand. Another factor is whether the media is digital or traditional. Traditional media (television, radio, print, and outdoor) have a higher CPM than digital advertising. Niche media may have higher CPM than mass media.

There are some legitimate criticisms of CPM. First, an ad view does not indicate an intent to purchase. It simply means that a prospective customer saw the ad. We have no way of knowing whether the ad was persuasive or changed behavior. CPM does not allow us to track behavior. Next, ad views may be duplicative or not properly targeted, potentially wasting the impression. For example, if you see an ad for the same running shoe three times and you’re not a runner, the brand wasted three impressions on you because you have no intent to purchase. Finally, ads may not run or load as intended, wasting advertising dollars on a failed impression.

CPM=Campaign Cost(Impressions)× 1,000

Let’s revisit our ice cream shop from Integrated Marketing Communications. We decided to run an advertising campaign in the local newspaper. We paid $1,000 for 2,000 impressions. What is our CPM?

Answer

$500

Marketing Dashboard 14.3 (b) §14.3 source ↗

When marketing professionals purchase advertising, they are primarily interested in who will see it. Advertising is dependent on views, as it is not direct response like search or email marketing. Therefore, marketing professionals are looking for the biggest bang for their buck. This is where cost per thousand (CPM) comes in. The “M” in cost per thousand represents the Latin term mille. CPM is the cost to advertise to 1,000 people.

An advertisement’s cost per thousand depends on a variety of factors. One such factor is how targeted an ad is to a given audience. Targetability increases the cost per thousand. Another factor is whether the media is digital or traditional. Traditional media (television, radio, print, and outdoor) have a higher CPM than digital advertising. Niche media may have higher CPM than mass media.

There are some legitimate criticisms of CPM. First, an ad view does not indicate an intent to purchase. It simply means that a prospective customer saw the ad. We have no way of knowing whether the ad was persuasive or changed behavior. CPM does not allow us to track behavior. Next, ad views may be duplicative or not properly targeted, potentially wasting the impression. For example, if you see an ad for the same running shoe three times and you’re not a runner, the brand wasted three impressions on you because you have no intent to purchase. Finally, ads may not run or load as intended, wasting advertising dollars on a failed impression.

CPM=Campaign Cost(Impressions)× 1,000

Last period, we acquired 15 customers from our advertising campaign with an average customer lifetime value of $50. Did our advertising campaign have a profitable result in the last period?

Answer

No. We spent $1,000 on advertising and gained $750 in revenue.

Marketing Dashboard 14.3 (c) §14.3 source ↗

When marketing professionals purchase advertising, they are primarily interested in who will see it. Advertising is dependent on views, as it is not direct response like search or email marketing. Therefore, marketing professionals are looking for the biggest bang for their buck. This is where cost per thousand (CPM) comes in. The “M” in cost per thousand represents the Latin term mille. CPM is the cost to advertise to 1,000 people.

An advertisement’s cost per thousand depends on a variety of factors. One such factor is how targeted an ad is to a given audience. Targetability increases the cost per thousand. Another factor is whether the media is digital or traditional. Traditional media (television, radio, print, and outdoor) have a higher CPM than digital advertising. Niche media may have higher CPM than mass media.

There are some legitimate criticisms of CPM. First, an ad view does not indicate an intent to purchase. It simply means that a prospective customer saw the ad. We have no way of knowing whether the ad was persuasive or changed behavior. CPM does not allow us to track behavior. Next, ad views may be duplicative or not properly targeted, potentially wasting the impression. For example, if you see an ad for the same running shoe three times and you’re not a runner, the brand wasted three impressions on you because you have no intent to purchase. Finally, ads may not run or load as intended, wasting advertising dollars on a failed impression.

CPM=Campaign Cost(Impressions)× 1,000

Let’s say we decide to reallocate our $1,000 advertising spend on a more targeted campaign. Do you expect that our CPM will increase or decrease?

Answer

CPM will most likely increase because targeted media typically has a higher CPM.

Knowledge Check 14.4.1 §14.4 source ↗

What is a promotion mix element that is earned rather than paid for?
  1. a.
    Public relations
  2. b.
    Advertising
  3. c.
    Television advertisements
  4. d.
    Web page advertisements

Answer

A. Public relations
Public relations is earned.

Knowledge Check 14.4.2 §14.4 source ↗

Which of the following is a way companies attempt to influence public policy and law?
  1. a.
    Press relations
  2. b.
    Events
  3. c.
    Lobbying
  4. d.
    Publicity

Answer

C. Lobbying
Lobbying involves attempts to influence public policy and law.

Knowledge Check 14.4.3 §14.4 source ↗

Mikel does not have a lot of money for marketing his new business. But he wants to raise awareness of his company and decides to commit to handing out free water at a local 5K run. Which of the following is Mikel participating in?
  1. a.
    Events
  2. b.
    Lobbying
  3. c.
    Press relations
  4. d.
    Public affairs

Answer

A. Events
Events are a type of public relations in which a company participates to increase brand awareness.

Knowledge Check 14.4.4 §14.4 source ↗

As a marketer, you are responsible for creating and maintaining positive relationships with the press. Which part of public relations are you responsible for?
  1. a.
    Lobbying
  2. b.
    Publicity
  3. c.
    Public affairs
  4. d.
    Press relations

Answer

D. Press relations
Press relations is the part of public relations that creates and maintains positive relationships with the press.

Knowledge Check 14.4.5 §14.4 source ↗

As a new business owner, Michaela is attempting to sway local leaders to give the business a tax cut for the first year of operation. She invites all the local officials to a public meeting, where she presents the anticipated economic impact of her business. Michaela is engaged in which public relations tool?
  1. a.
    Press relations
  2. b.
    Public affairs
  3. c.
    Lobbying
  4. d.
    Events

Answer

B. Public affairs
Public affairs involves creating relationships with public officials.

Knowledge Check 14.5.1 §14.5 source ↗

After watching a TikTok, you learn that Thinx—a company that produces period underwear—has donated over $25,000 in period and other products to Afghan women who have recently fled their country. Because of this, you decide to purchase Thinx products. Which advantage of public relations has been achieved in this scenario?
  1. a.
    Increased sales and leads
  2. b.
    Lack of direct control
  3. c.
    Guaranteed results
  4. d.
    Direct control

Answer

A. Increased sales and leads
The company’s donation and the public relations surrounding it has created sales and leads.

Knowledge Check 14.5.2 §14.5 source ↗

Public relations has all the following advantages except ________.
  1. a.
    increased brand credibility
  2. b.
    increased brand image
  3. c.
    direct control
  4. d.
    increased sales and leads

Answer

C. direct control
Public relations is often not under a company’s direct control.

Knowledge Check 14.5.3 §14.5 source ↗

When Story Land, a children’s museum in New Hampshire, reopened, it utilized public relations. Numerous local television stations picked up and reported the story, providing free marketing to potential customers. The company bet on the positive virality of its press release, which worked in its favor. Which of the following disadvantages explains why Story Land “bet on the positive virality”?
  1. a.
    No direct control
  2. b.
    Increased brand recognition
  3. c.
    Increased sales
  4. d.
    Guarantee of results

Answer

A. No direct control
The company had no direct control over whether the press release would be picked up by news stations.

Knowledge Check 14.5.4 §14.5 source ↗

Which of the following is a true statement concerning public relations?
  1. a.
    Public relations is more expensive than advertising.
  2. b.
    Public relations has more of a guarantee of positive results than other forms of promotion.
  3. c.
    Public relations has the most message control of the various forms of promotion.
  4. d.
    Public relations is free but has no guarantee of results.

Answer

D. Public relations is free but has no guarantee of results.
Public relations is free, and it has no guaranteed results.

Knowledge Check 14.5.5 §14.5 source ↗

When Taco Bell was hit with a lawsuit that claimed its seasoned beef was only 35 percent beef, the company utilized social media to show its ingredients, a campaign that was wildly successful. Which of the following was Taco Bell hoping for?
  1. a.
    Guaranteed results
  2. b.
    Improved brand image
  3. c.
    Direct control of the message
  4. d.
    Increase sales and leads

Answer

B. Improved brand image
Taco Bell was hoping that the campaign would outweigh the negative brand image caused by the lawsuit (and it worked).

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Problems and answers are adapted from Principles of Marketing by Maria Gomez Albrecht, Mark Green and Linda Hoffman, OpenStax, and are used under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/principles-marketing/pages/1-unit-introduction. Illustrations: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This adaptation is released under the same licence, is non-commercial, and is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by OpenStax or Rice University.