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Chapter 2: Foundations of Public/Community Health
10 problems · 0 figures2-1 §2.RQ source ↗
Which action must the nurse take after a patient has been diagnosed with hepatitis A?
- a.Notify the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- b.Report the case to the local public health department
- c.Inform the National Institutes of Health
- d.Report the case to the primary care provider
Answer
B. Report the case to the local public health department
Notifiable infectious diseases, such as hepatitis A, require health care providers to report the disease to public health officials. Reporting is mandated by law at state and local levels, whereas reporting to the CDC is voluntary.
2-2 §2.RQ source ↗
Which of the following is an upstream intervention that a nurse may employ to address the high rate of sedentary lifestyles in a community?
- a.Counseling community members on the negative health effects of being sedentary
- b.Conducting body mass index screenings during a community health fair
- c.Obtaining funding for community walking trails
- d.Sending mailings with exercise tips to community residents
Answer
C. Obtaining funding for community walking trails
Upstream interventions target the root causes or sources of health issues instead of focusing on symptom management or consequences of disease. Obtaining funding for a walking trail addresses a deficit in the community that may contribute to sedentary lifestyles.
2-3 §2.RQ source ↗
Which action describes a role of the nurse in public health?
- a.Improving individual outcomes
- b.Addressing racism in a community
- c.Performing a family assessment
- d.Recommending policies to prevent health problems
Answer
D. Recommending policies to prevent health problems
Public health focuses on improving the health of the entire public and supports population health, which focuses on the health of a group of people. The public health nurse recommends and organizes efforts in public policy, governance, and health services to protect and advance the health of the population.
2-4 §2.RQ source ↗
A community health nurse is teaching nursing students about the development of the modern public health system. Which reform movement will the nurse note as foundational to the modern public health system?
- a.Smoking tobacco indoors
- b.Child labor and working conditions
- c.Drinking water cleanliness
- d.Opioid prescribing
Answer
B. Child labor and working conditions
Reform movements concerning child labor, working conditions, and overcrowding of cities led to policies and regulations aiming to protect the health of the public. This period in U.S. history, and the efforts of workers to reform practices, are credited with establishing the modern public health system.
2-5 §2.RQ source ↗
Which example demonstrates a nurse using public health data collection in support of population health?
- a.Surveying middle school children to identify which fruits and vegetables to include in school lunches
- b.Tracking attendance at a weekly blood pressure clinic at the local senior center to measure utilization
- c.Analyzing data from hospitals to identify the most common illnesses requiring emergency visits
- d.Interviewing a family living in an urban area to describe the emotional impact of gun violence
Answer
C. Analyzing data from hospitals to identify the most common illnesses requiring emergency visits
Illness surveillance and monitoring is one example of public health supporting population health. Public health departments collect data on the health of the population through various channels. They may use formal surveillance systems, such as requesting hospital or county reports, or they may conduct targeted surveys. Data is collected and analyzed to obtain a complete picture on rates of disease, injury, contamination, contagiousness, health impact, and other variables or indicators.
2-6 §2.RQ source ↗
Which data would the nurse monitor when engaged in the public health core function of assessment?
- a.Blood pressure readings in an individual
- b.Health trends of a community
- c.Social supports of a family
- d.Immunization records of elementary school children
Answer
B. Health trends of a community
The three core functions of public health include assessment, policy development, and assurance. When engaged in the core function of assessment, the public health nurse monitors a community’s health trends, health disparities and injustices, and health problems requiring intervention and resource support.
2-7 §2.RQ source ↗
Which activity by the nurse supports the core function of assurance in public health?
- a.Surveying a population to determine health knowledge deficits
- b.Developing policies in collaboration with an interprofessional team
- c.Monitoring health data trends
- d.Ensuring access to health services for all
Answer
D. Ensuring access to health services for all
The three core functions of public health include assessment, policy development, and assurance. The assurance function aims to promote justice and equity in health care and actively works to make health attainable for all.
2-8 §2.RQ source ↗
Which goal by a public health nurse is an example of quaternary prevention?
- a.Reducing the negative impact of a health condition and preventing complications
- b.Focusing on the early detection and treatment of disease to minimize impact
- c.Implementing policies to address the root cause of health issues and reduce disparities
- d.Protecting individuals from unnecessary interventions that may cause more harm than good
Answer
D. Protecting individuals from unnecessary interventions that may cause more harm than good
Quaternary prevention refers to actions taken to protect individuals from health interventions that may be unnecessary or potentially harmful. Clients should not be subjected to tests that will ultimately not change the treatment plan. Similarly, clients should not undergo treatments or procedures that may do more harm than good.
2-9 §2.RQ source ↗
Which action by the community health nurse best describes tertiary prevention?
- a.Avoiding the overmedicalization of clients
- b.Reducing risk factors across a population
- c.Lessening the negative impact of health conditions
- d.Preventing an adverse health outcome from occurring
Answer
C. Lessening the negative impact of health conditions
The goal of tertiary prevention strategies is to reduce the negative impact of a health condition and prevent complications.
2-10 §2.RQ source ↗
Which action by the nurse is a primary prevention strategy?
- a.Implementing a comprehensive education program for individuals with heart disease
- b.Designing a program to support the transition of young families to parenthood
- c.Recommending exercise programs to clients with degenerative joint disease
- d.Educating adolescents about reducing the risk of sexually transmitted infections
Answer
D. Educating adolescents about reducing the risk of sexually transmitted infections
Primary prevention activities focus on preventing adverse health outcomes by targeting populations or groups at high risk of a disease, disorder, or condition. Providing education to adolescents on reducing the risk of sexually transmitted infections can address lifestyle factors and promote healthy behaviors.
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Problems and answers are adapted from Population Health for Nurses by Jessica Ochs, Sherry L. Roper and Susan M. Schwartz, OpenStax, and are used under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/population-health/pages/1-introduction. Illustrations: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This adaptation is released under the same licence, is non-commercial, and is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by OpenStax or Rice University.