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Chapter 4: The Health of the Population
10 problems · 0 figures4-1 §4.RQ source ↗
The public health nurse is examining the number of maternal deaths in a certain year. Which rate is the nurse studying?
- a.Crude deaths
- b.Morbidity
- c.Mortality
- d.Proportional population
Answer
C. Mortality
Mortality is the number of deaths in a certain group of people during a certain period of time.
4-2 §4.RQ source ↗
Which factor should the community health nurse take into account when assessing an individual’s social determinants of health?
- a.Genetic influences
- b.Exercise habits
- c.Nutritional intake
- d.Level of education
Answer
D. Level of education
The social determinants of health (SDOH) are the conditions of the environments in which an individual is born, lives, learns, works, plays, and worships. They include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.
4-3 §4.RQ source ↗
Which source of data would a community health nurse utilize during a community assessment to determine the births, deaths, marriages, health, and diseases in a certain county?
- a.Morbidity report
- b.Service utilization
- c.Population survey
- d.Vital statistics
Answer
D. Vital statistics
Vital statistics—the records of birth, death, marriages, health, and disease—are a critical national information resource for understanding public health.
4-4 §4.RQ source ↗
Which outcome would the community health nurse measure to evaluate the health of a population?
- a.Blood pressure readings of individuals in the community
- b.Home blood glucose levels monitored by clients with diabetes
- c.Mortality rates in the community
- d.Percent of high school students who attend college
Answer
C. Mortality rates in the community
Increased lifespan has largely been attributed to improvements in sanitation, water supplies, workplace safety, food and drug safety, immunization rates, nutrition, hygiene, and housing.
4-5 §4.RQ source ↗
Which definition of health would the nurse attribute to a client who perceives themselves as healthy despite taking medication for hypertension?
- a.Health is the absence of disease.
- b.Health is the full return to wellness.
- c.Health is a state of improving well-being.
- d.Health is an internal state of balance and well-being.
Answer
D. Health is an internal state of balance and well-being.
Health can be defined as the absence of disease or impairment, as a state of being that allows the individual to adequately cope with all the demands of daily life, or as a state of balance that an individual has established within themselves and with their social and physical environment. The client who perceives that they are in good health despite being treated for high blood pressure is displaying an internal balance in which chronic illness is not negatively affecting well-being.
4-6 §4.RQ source ↗
The nurse is explaining to a client that smoking cessation will add years of quality to their life. Which population health metric is the nurse describing?
- a.Years of healthy life lost due to disability
- b.Disability-adjusted life years
- c.Quality-adjusted life years
- d.Years of life lost
Answer
C. Quality-adjusted life years
The years of reasonable quality of life that the client will gain after quitting smoking are referred to as quality-adjusted life years.
4-7 §4.RQ source ↗
Which indicator is the nurse utilizing when considering the effects of diseases that people in a population are living with?
- a.Morbidity
- b.Mortality
- c.Burden of disease
- d.Prevalence
Answer
C. Burden of disease
The combined measure of mortality and morbidity rates is referred to as the burden of disease, an indication of the effects of disease on a population. The burden of disease is measured by disability-adjusted life years.
4-8 §4.RQ source ↗
Which current health trend data will the population health nurse utilize to develop health education programming?
- a.Heart disease is the leading cause of death in most ethnic and racial groups.
- b.Deaths from cancer have increased in the last two decades.
- c.Deaths from stroke are decreasing in all ethnic and racial groups.
- d.Unintentional accidents are the fourth leading cause of death in individuals aged 1 to 44 years.
Answer
A. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in most ethnic and racial groups.
Heart disease has been the leading cause of death globally for more than 20 years and is the most common cause of death for both men and women overall and for most racial and ethnic groups in the United States.
4-9 §4.RQ source ↗
A nurse is volunteering for a global nongovernmental organization whose work addresses the United Nation’s sustainable development goals (SDGs). Which statement about the SDGs is accurate?
- a.SDGs have been impacted by the climate crisis.
- b.The focus of SDGs is on developing nations.
- c.Progress on SDGs is reported every 5 years.
- d.Each country has its own individualized SDGs.
Answer
A. SDGs have been impacted by the climate crisis.
United Nations member countries established sustainable development goals to create a more fair, just, and equitable world. Goals related to the planet address climate change and managing natural resources.
4-10 §4.RQ source ↗
Which trend in mortality in the United States over the past century would the nurse utilize to develop public health campaigns?
- a.Life expectancy has increased, and rate of death has decreased.
- b.Life expectancy and rate of death have remained unchanged.
- c.Life expectancy has increased, and rate of death has also increased
- d.Life expectancy has decreased, and rate of death has also decreased.
Answer
A. Life expectancy has increased, and rate of death has decreased.
Life expectancy in the United States has increased over the past 100 years, and the rate of death has decreased.
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Problems and answers are adapted from Population Health for Nurses by Jessica Ochs, Sherry L. Roper and Susan M. Schwartz, OpenStax, and are used under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/population-health/pages/1-introduction. Illustrations: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This adaptation is released under the same licence, is non-commercial, and is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by OpenStax or Rice University.