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Chapter 33: Introduction to the Renal and Urinary Systems

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Chapter 33: Introduction to the Renal and Urinary Systems

10 problems · 0 figures

33-1 §33.RQ source ↗

Which of the following laboratory tests is typically used as an estimate of the glomerular filtration rate?
  1. a.
    Hematocrit
  2. b.
    BUN
  3. c.
    Creatinine
  4. d.
    Sodium

Answer

C. Creatinine
The creatinine level is viewed as a reasonable assessment of the GFR. Measurement of the actual GFR requires either an insulin infusion or radioisotope exposure.

33-2 §33.RQ source ↗

Which of the following factors favors glomerular filtration?
  1. a.
    Hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman’s capsule
  2. b.
    Oncotic pressure of the glomerular capillaries
  3. c.
    Contraction of the mesangial cells
  4. d.
    Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure

Answer

D. Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
The hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries promotes glomerular filtration, whereas the hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman’s capsule and the oncotic pressure of the glomerular capillaries oppose glomerular filtration.

33-3 §33.RQ source ↗

Infection is a risk factor for developing which type of incontinence?
  1. a.
    Urge
  2. b.
    Stress
  3. c.
    Overflow
  4. d.
    Functional

Answer

A. Urge
Risk factors for this type of incontinence include age, infection, and obstruction of the bladder outlet by an enlarged prostate gland.

33-4 §33.RQ source ↗

Which of the following structures contributes to blood pressure regulation?
  1. a.
    Mesangial cells
  2. b.
    Vasa recta
  3. c.
    Epithelial fenestra
  4. d.
    Juxtaglomerular cells

Answer

D. Juxtaglomerular cells
The juxtaglomerular cells regulate the release of renin.

33-5 §33.RQ source ↗

Which of the following effects is consistent with parasympathetic stimulation of the bladder?
  1. a.
    Urinary reflux
  2. b.
    Bladder contraction
  3. c.
    Internal sphincter closure
  4. d.
    Bladder relaxation

Answer

B. Bladder contraction
The parasympathetic stimulation contracts the detrusor muscle fibers in the bladder.

33-6 §33.RQ source ↗

The nurse is providing discharge teaching for an adult client who has experienced recurrent renal calculi. Which of these instructions is appropriate for this client?
  1. a.
    Increase calcium intake.
  2. b.
    Avoid consuming dark-colored fluids.
  3. c.
    Increase fluid intake to approximately 2–3 liters each day.
  4. d.
    Increase protein intake from poultry and fish.

Answer

C. Increase fluid intake to approximately 2–3 liters each day.
Increasing fluid intake decreases urine concentration, which in turn decreases the concentration of minerals in the urine that contribute to stone formation.

33-7 §33.RQ source ↗

The nurse is caring for a client with fluid volume excess. Which of the following manifestations is consistent with this condition?
  1. a.
    Jugular vein distention
  2. b.
    Bradycardia
  3. c.
    Elevated hematocrit
  4. d.
    Hypotension

Answer

A. Jugular vein distention
Fluid volume excess may be manifested by distention of the neck veins resulting from right heart failure.

33-8 §33.RQ source ↗

Which of the following is responsible for forming concentrated urine?
  1. a.
    Glomerulus
  2. b.
    Cortical nephron
  3. c.
    Juxtamedullary nephron
  4. d.
    Renal pelvis

Answer

C. Juxtamedullary nephron
Juxtamedullary nephrons comprise about 15% of all nephrons and are responsible for concentrating urine.

33-9 §33.RQ source ↗

Which of the following conditions is related to overflow incontinence?
  1. a.
    Estrogen deprivation
  2. b.
    Urethral obstruction
  3. c.
    Escherichia coli infection
  4. d.
    Cognitive dysfunction

Answer

B. Urethral obstruction
Functional incontinence occurs when an obstruction—such as a urethral obstruction due to enlargement of the prostate gland—interferes with bladder emptying and increases the post-void residual amounts.

33-10 §33.RQ source ↗

The nurse is caring for a client with renal colic. This finding is most commonly associated with which of the following conditions?
  1. a.
    Renal calculi
  2. b.
    Acute tubular necrosis
  3. c.
    Renal artery stenosis
  4. d.
    Glomerulonephritis

Answer

A. Renal calculi
Renal colic is the term most commonly used to describe the pain associated with kidney stones.

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Problems and answers are adapted from Pharmacology for Nurses by Tina Barbour-Taylor, Leah Mueller (Sabato), Donna Paris and Dorie Weaver, OpenStax, and are used under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/pharmacology/pages/1-introduction. Illustrations: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This adaptation is released under the same licence, is non-commercial, and is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by OpenStax or Rice University.