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Chapter 5: Fluids and Electrolytes, Vitamins, Minerals, and Alternative Therapies

Every problem in the chapter beside the book’s answer, a chapter at a time as you scroll.

Chapter 5: Fluids and Electrolytes, Vitamins, Minerals, and Alternative Therapies

10 problems · 0 figures

5-1 §5.RQ source ↗

A nurse is to administer 1 L of 5% dextrose in water (D5W) over 6 hours. The IV set delivers 10 drops per milliliter. What is the drip rate per minute that the nurse should set? Round to the nearest whole number.
  1. a.
    27 drops per minute
  2. b.
    28 drops per minute
  3. c.
    29 drops per minute
  4. d.
    30 drops per minute

Answer

B. 28 drops per minute
Convert 1 L to 1000 mL, and then calculate drops needed: 1000 m L × 10 d r o p s / m L = 10 , 000 d r o p s . Then divide the total number of drops by the total number of minutes: 10 , 000 d r o p s ÷ ( 6 h o u r s × 60 m i n u t e s / h o u r ) = 27.78 d r o p s / m i n u t e . Round to 28 drops/minute.

5-2 §5.RQ source ↗

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin that is important for the synthesis of collagen and wound healing?
  1. a.
    Vitamin A
  2. b.
    Vitamin E
  3. c.
    Vitamin C
  4. d.
    Vitamin K

Answer

C. Vitamin C
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that is important for the synthesis of collagen and wound healing.

5-3 §5.RQ source ↗

The nurse is caring for a client with fluid volume excess. Which of the following interventions would be appropriate for this client?
  1. a.
    Encourage fluid intake
  2. b.
    Administer diuretic drugs
  3. c.
    Increase dietary sodium intake
  4. d.
    Administer intravenous replacement fluids

Answer

B. Administer diuretic drugs
Diuretic drugs are prescribed to help the body eliminate excess fluid.

5-4 §5.RQ source ↗

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving a blood transfusion. During the transfusion, the client develops itching, hives, and shortness of breath. The nurse recognizes that these symptoms are most likely indicative of which of the following?
  1. a.
    Hemolytic reaction
  2. b.
    Febrile reaction
  3. c.
    Allergic reaction
  4. d.
    Circulatory overload

Answer

C. Allergic reaction
Itching, hives, and shortness of breath are common symptoms of an allergic reaction to blood or blood products.

5-5 §5.RQ source ↗

The health care provider orders 750 mL of lactated Ringer’s solution to be administered over 8 hours. What is the appropriate rate in milliliters per hour to set the IV infusion pump? Round to the nearest whole number.
  1. a.
    94
  2. b.
    93
  3. c.
    92
  4. d.
    91

Answer

A. 94
750 mL ÷ by 8 h o u r s = 93.75 mL / h o u r . Round to 94 mL/hour.

5-6 §5.RQ source ↗

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin that can accumulate in the body and potentially cause toxicity?
  1. a.
    Vitamin B6
  2. b.
    Vitamin B12
  3. c.
    Vitamin C
  4. d.
    Vitamin A

Answer

D. Vitamin A
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that can accumulate in the body and potentially cause toxicity.

5-7 §5.RQ source ↗

The nurse is caring for a client with fluid volume deficit. Which of the following findings would the nurse expect to assess in this client?
  1. a.
    Edema
  2. b.
    Tachycardia
  3. c.
    Elevated blood pressure
  4. d.
    Crackles in the lungs

Answer

B. Tachycardia
Symptoms of fluid volume deficit include thirst, dry mouth, and tachycardia.

5-8 §5.RQ source ↗

The nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed calcium supplements for the treatment of osteoporosis. Which of the following should the nurse instruct the client to take 1 hour before or after the administration of calcium supplements?
  1. a.
    Vitamin D
  2. b.
    Zinc
  3. c.
    Magnesium
  4. d.
    Iron

Answer

D. Iron
Iron should be administered 1 to 2 hours before or after calcium because it may alter its effectiveness.

5-9 §5.RQ source ↗

A nurse is caring for a client who has been taking echinacea for the treatment of a cold. Which of the following should the nurse monitor the client for while they are taking echinacea?
  1. a.
    Coagulation
  2. b.
    Liver function
  3. c.
    Renal function
  4. d.
    Cholesterol

Answer

B. Liver function
Echinacea is hepatotoxic; therefore, liver function should be monitored.

5-10 §5.RQ source ↗

The nurse is caring for a client who has been taking St. John’s wort for the management of depression. Which of the following should the nurse instruct the client about regarding the use of St. John’s wort?
  1. a.
    It may cause weight gain and fluid retention.
  2. b.
    It is safe to use during pregnancy.
  3. c.
    It should be taken with food.
  4. d.
    It may interact with other drugs such as antidepressants.

Answer

D. It may interact with other drugs such as antidepressants.
St. John’s wort may interact with many other drugs, including antidepressants.

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Problems and answers are adapted from Pharmacology for Nurses by Tina Barbour-Taylor, Leah Mueller (Sabato), Donna Paris and Dorie Weaver, OpenStax, and are used under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/pharmacology/pages/1-introduction. Illustrations: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This adaptation is released under the same licence, is non-commercial, and is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by OpenStax or Rice University.