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Chapter 9: Introduction to the Nervous System
10 problems · 0 figures9-1 §9.RQ source ↗
The nurse is caring for a client who has sustained an ischemic stroke. The nurse recognizes that the client is experiencing deficits in which part of the nervous system?
- a.Peripheral nervous system
- b.Central nervous system
- c.Somatic nervous system
- d.Autonomic nervous system
Answer
B. Central nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. Therefore, the nurse would recognize that an ischemic stroke involves deficits originating in the CNS.
9-2 §9.RQ source ↗
Parkinson’s disease is associated with balance alterations. Which area is responsible for coordination of movement?
- a.Cerebrum
- b.Medulla
- c.Pons
- d.Cerebellum
Answer
D. Cerebellum
The cerebellum, located below the cerebrum, controls coordination of movement and postural adjustment.
9-3 §9.RQ source ↗
The nurse is caring for a client wearing a neck brace. The client reports the provider informed them that their “neck fracture” may cause some nerve disturbances. Which region of the spinal cord is involved?
- a.Cervical vertebrae
- b.Thoracic vertebrae
- c.Sacral vertebrae
- d.Lumbar vertebrae
Answer
A. Cervical vertebrae
The cervical vertebrae are located in the neck region of the body.
9-4 §9.RQ source ↗
Which specific part of the nervous system involves regulation of involuntary responses of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle contraction, and gland activity?
- a.Peripheral nervous system
- b.Central nervous system
- c.Somatic nervous system
- d.Autonomic nervous system
Answer
D. Autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary responses by regulating cardiac muscle and smooth muscle contraction in addition to gland activity.
9-5 §9.RQ source ↗
The nurse is gathering an admission history from a newly admitted client. The nurse observes that the client appears calm and they have relaxed breathing. Which specific part of the nervous system is activated?
- a.Peripheral nervous system
- b.Sympathetic nervous system
- c.Parasympathetic nervous system
- d.Autonomic nervous system
Answer
C. Parasympathetic nervous system
The parasympathetic nervous system, or “rest and digest” system, is activated when the body is relaxed and not under actual or perceived stress.
9-6 §9.RQ source ↗
The client reports feelings of anxiety related to perceived threats. Which specific part of the nervous system is activated related to this client’s reports?
- a.Peripheral nervous system
- b.Sympathetic nervous system
- c.Parasympathetic nervous system
- d.Autonomic nervous system
Answer
B. Sympathetic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system, or “fight or flight system,” is activated when the body is under actual or perceived stress to ready the body’s response to a potential threat.
9-7 §9.RQ source ↗
Which communication process is involved in the sending and receiving of electrical signals within the nervous system?
- a.Neuron
- b.Neurotransmission
- c.Homeostasis
- d.Neurological regulation
Answer
B. Neurotransmission
Neurotransmission is the nervous system’s communication process by which electrical signals are sent down the axon and transformed into chemical messengers.
9-8 §9.RQ source ↗
What is the most common neurotransmitter of the autonomic nervous system?
- a.Acetylcholine
- b.Serotonin
- c.Histamine
- d.Glutamate
Answer
A. Acetylcholine
The most common neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system are acetylcholine and norepinephrine.
9-9 §9.RQ source ↗
The client is prescribed a medication that stimulates acetylcholine. Which specific part of the nervous system would be affected?
- a.Somatic
- b.Parasympathetic
- c.Sympathetic
- d.Central nervous system
Answer
B. Parasympathetic
Medications that stimulate the release of acetylcholine are known as parasympathomimetic due to their mimicking of the parasympathetic nervous system.
9-10 §9.RQ source ↗
The client reports being prescribed a medication that will decrease their heart rate and the heart contraction force. Which receptor would be indicated in this medication?
- a.Nicotinic
- b.Alpha1
- c.Beta3
- d.Beta1
Answer
D. Beta1
The beta1 adrenergic receptor would be indicated in this instance. Specifically, this medication would be a beta1 blocker.
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Problems and answers are adapted from Pharmacology for Nurses by Tina Barbour-Taylor, Leah Mueller (Sabato), Donna Paris and Dorie Weaver, OpenStax, and are used under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/pharmacology/pages/1-introduction. Illustrations: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This adaptation is released under the same licence, is non-commercial, and is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by OpenStax or Rice University.