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Chapter 10: Biochemistry of the Genome

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Chapter 10: Biochemistry of the Genome

31 problems · 0 figures

10-1 §10.MC source ↗

Frederick Griffith infected mice with a combination of dead R and live S bacterial strains. What was the outcome, and why did it occur?
  1. a.
    The mice will live. Transformation was not required.
  2. b.
    The mice will die. Transformation of genetic material from R to S was required.
  3. c.
    The mice will live. Transformation of genetic material from S to R was required.
  4. d.
    The mice will die. Transformation was not required.

Answer

D. The mice will die. Transformation was not required.

10-2 §10.MC source ↗

Why was the alga Acetabularia a good model organism for Joachim Hämmerling to use to identify the location of genetic material?
  1. a.
    It lacks a nuclear membrane.
  2. b.
    It self-fertilizes.
  3. c.
    It is a large, asymmetrical, single cell easy to see with the naked eye.
  4. d.
    It makes a protein capsid.

Answer

C. It is a large, asymmetrical, single cell easy to see with the naked eye.

10-3 §10.MC source ↗

Which of the following best describes the results from Hershey and Chase’s experiment using bacterial viruses with 35S-labeled proteins or 32P-labeled DNA that are consistent with protein being the molecule responsible for hereditary?
  1. a.
    After infection with the 35S-labeled viruses and centrifugation, only the pellet would be radioactive.
  2. b.
    After infection with the 35S-labeled viruses and centrifugation, both the pellet and the supernatant would be radioactive.
  3. c.
    After infection with the 32P-labeled viruses and centrifugation, only the pellet would be radioactive.
  4. d.
    After infection with the 32P-labeled viruses and centrifugation, both the pellet and the supernatant would be radioactive.

Answer

A. After infection with the 35S-labeled viruses and centrifugation, only the pellet would be radioactive.

10-4 §10.MC source ↗

Which method did Morgan and colleagues use to show that hereditary information was carried on chromosomes?
  1. a.
    statistical predictions of the outcomes of crosses using true-breeding parents
  2. b.
    correlations between microscopic observations of chromosomal movement and the characteristics of offspring
  3. c.
    transformation of nonpathogenic bacteria to pathogenic bacteria
  4. d.
    mutations resulting in distinct defects in metabolic enzymatic pathways

Answer

B. correlations between microscopic observations of chromosomal movement and the characteristics of offspring

10-5 §10.MC source ↗

According to Beadle and Tatum’s “one gene–one enzyme” hypothesis, which of the following enzymes will eliminate the transformation of hereditary material from pathogenic bacteria to nonpathogenic bacteria?
  1. a.
    carbohydrate-degrading enzymes
  2. b.
    proteinases
  3. c.
    ribonucleases
  4. d.
    deoxyribonucleases

Answer

D. deoxyribonucleases

10-6 §10.MC source ↗

Which of the following is not found within DNA?
  1. a.
    thymine
  2. b.
    phosphodiester bonds
  3. c.
    complementary base pairing
  4. d.
    amino acids

Answer

D. amino acids

10-7 §10.MC source ↗

If 30% of the bases within a DNA molecule are adenine, what is the percentage of thymine?
  1. a.
    20%
  2. b.
    25%
  3. c.
    30%
  4. d.
    35%

Answer

C. 30%

10-8 §10.MC source ↗

Which of the following statements about base pairing in DNA is incorrect?
  1. a.
    Purines always base pairs with pyrimidines.
  2. b.
    Adenine binds to guanine.
  3. c.
    Base pairs are stabilized by hydrogen bonds.
  4. d.
    Base pairing occurs at the interior of the double helix.

Answer

B. Adenine binds to guanine.

10-9 §10.MC source ↗

If a DNA strand contains the sequence 5ʹ-ATTCCGGATCGA-3ʹ, which of the following is the sequence of the complementary strand of DNA?
  1. a.
    5ʹ-TAAGGCCTAGCT-3ʹ
  2. b.
    5ʹ-ATTCCGGATCGA-3ʹ
  3. c.
    3ʹ-TAACCGGTACGT-5ʹ
  4. d.
    5ʹ-TCGATCCGGAAT-3ʹ

Answer

D. 5ʹ-TCGATCCGGAAT-3ʹ

10-10 §10.MC source ↗

During denaturation of DNA, which of the following happens?
  1. a.
    Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases break.
  2. b.
    Phosphodiester bonds break within the sugar-phosphate backbone.
  3. c.
    Hydrogen bonds within the sugar-phosphate backbone break.
  4. d.
    Phosphodiester bonds between complementary bases break.

Answer

A. Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases break.

10-11 §10.MC source ↗

Which of the following types of RNA codes for a protein?
  1. a.
    dsRNA
  2. b.
    mRNA
  3. c.
    rRNA
  4. d.
    tRNA

Answer

B. mRNA

10-12 §10.MC source ↗

A nucleic acid is purified from a mixture. The molecules are relatively small, contain uracil, and most are covalently bound to an amino acid. Which of the following was purified?
  1. a.
    DNA
  2. b.
    mRNA
  3. c.
    rRNA
  4. d.
    tRNA

Answer

D. tRNA

10-13 §10.MC source ↗

Which of the following types of RNA is known for its catalytic abilities?
  1. a.
    dsRNA
  2. b.
    mRNA
  3. c.
    rRNA
  4. d.
    tRNA

Answer

C. rRNA

10-14 §10.MC source ↗

Ribosomes are composed of rRNA and what other component?
  1. a.
    protein
  2. b.
    carbohydrates
  3. c.
    DNA
  4. d.
    mRNA

Answer

A. protein

10-15 §10.MC source ↗

Which of the following may use RNA as its genome?
  1. a.
    a bacterium
  2. b.
    an archaeon
  3. c.
    a virus
  4. d.
    a eukaryote

Answer

C. a virus

10-16 §10.MC source ↗

Which of the following correctly describes the structure of the typical eukaryotic genome?
  1. a.
    diploid
  2. b.
    linear
  3. c.
    singular
  4. d.
    double stranded

Answer

A. diploid

10-17 §10.MC source ↗

Which of the following is typically found as part of the prokaryotic genome?
  1. a.
    chloroplast DNA
  2. b.
    linear chromosomes
  3. c.
    plasmids
  4. d.
    mitochondrial DNA

Answer

C. plasmids

10-18 §10.MC source ↗

Serratia marcescens cells produce a red pigment at room temperature. The red color of the colonies is an example of which of the following?
  1. a.
    genotype
  2. b.
    phenotype
  3. c.
    change in DNA base composition
  4. d.
    adaptation to the environment

Answer

B. phenotype

10-19 §10.MC source ↗

Which of the following genes would not likely be encoded on a plasmid?
  1. a.
    genes encoding toxins that damage host tissue
  2. b.
    genes encoding antibacterial resistance
  3. c.
    gene encoding enzymes for glycolysis
  4. d.
    genes encoding enzymes for the degradation of an unusual substrate

Answer

C. gene encoding enzymes for glycolysis

10-20 §10.MC source ↗

Histones are DNA binding proteins that are important for DNA packaging in which of the following?
  1. a.
    double-stranded and single-stranded DNA viruses
  2. b.
    archaea and bacteria
  3. c.
    bacteria and eukaryotes
  4. d.
    eukaryotes and archaea

Answer

D. eukaryotes and archaea

10-28 §10.FITB source ↗

The element ____________ is unique to nucleic acids compared with other macromolecules.

Answer

phosphorus

10-29 §10.FITB source ↗

In the late 1800s and early 1900s, the macromolecule thought to be responsible for heredity was ______________.

Answer

protein

10-30 §10.FITB source ↗

The end of a nucleic acid strand with a free phosphate group is called the ________.

Answer

5ʹ end

10-31 §10.FITB source ↗

Plasmids are typically transferred among members of a bacterial community by ________ gene transfer.

Answer

horizontal

10-21 §10.TF source ↗

The work of Rosalind Franklin and R.G. Gosling was important in demonstrating the helical nature of DNA.

Answer

True

10-22 §10.TF source ↗

The A-T base pair has more hydrogen bonding than the C-G base pair.

Answer

False

10-23 §10.TF source ↗

Ribosomes are composed mostly of RNA.

Answer

True

10-24 §10.TF source ↗

Double-stranded RNA is commonly found inside cells.

Answer

False

10-25 §10.TF source ↗

Within an organism, phenotypes may change while genotypes remain constant.

Answer

True

10-26 §10.TF source ↗

Noncoding DNA has no biological purpose.

Answer

False

10-27 §10.M source ↗

Match the correct molecule with its description:

___tRNA
___rRNA
___mRNA		 A. is a major component of ribosome
B. is a copy of the information in a gene
C. carries an amino acid to the ribosome

Answer

C, A, B

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Problems and answers are adapted from Microbiology by Nina Parker, Mark Schneegurt, Anh-Hue Thi Tu, Philip Lister and Brian M. Forster, OpenStax, and are used under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/microbiology/pages/1-introduction. Illustrations: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This adaptation is released under the same licence, is non-commercial, and is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by OpenStax or Rice University.