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Chapter 12: Modern Applications of Microbial Genetics

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Chapter 12: Modern Applications of Microbial Genetics

23 problems · 0 figures

12-1 §12.MC source ↗

Which of the following is required for repairing the phosphodiester backbone of DNA during molecular cloning?
  1. a.
    cDNA
  2. b.
    reverse transcriptase
  3. c.
    restriction enzymes
  4. d.
    DNA ligase

Answer

D. DNA ligase

12-2 §12.MC source ↗

All of the following are processes used to introduce DNA molecules into bacterial cells except:
  1. a.
    transformation
  2. b.
    transduction
  3. c.
    transcription
  4. d.
    conjugation

Answer

C. transcription

12-3 §12.MC source ↗

The enzyme that uses RNA as a template to produce a DNA copy is called:
  1. a.
    a restriction enzyme
  2. b.
    DNA ligase
  3. c.
    reverse transcriptase
  4. d.
    DNA polymerase

Answer

C. reverse transcriptase

12-4 §12.MC source ↗

In blue-white screening, what do blue colonies represent?
  1. a.
    cells that have not taken up the plasmid vector
  2. b.
    cells with recombinant plasmids containing a new insert
  3. c.
    cells containing empty plasmid vectors
  4. d.
    cells with a non-functional lacZ gene

Answer

C. cells containing empty plasmid vectors

12-5 §12.MC source ↗

The Ti plasmid is used for introducing genes into:
  1. a.
    animal cells
  2. b.
    plant cells
  3. c.
    bacteriophages
  4. d.
    E. coli cells

Answer

B. plant cells

12-6 §12.MC source ↗

Which technique is used to separate protein fragments based on size?
  1. a.
    polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
  2. b.
    Southern blot
  3. c.
    agarose gel electrophoresis
  4. d.
    polymerase chain reaction

Answer

A. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

12-7 §12.MC source ↗

Which technique uses restriction enzyme digestion followed by agarose gel electrophoresis to generate a banding pattern for comparison to another sample processed in the same way?
  1. a.
    qPCR
  2. b.
    RT-PCR
  3. c.
    RFLP
  4. d.
    454 sequencing

Answer

C. RFLP

12-8 §12.MC source ↗

All of the following techniques involve hybridization between single-stranded nucleic acid molecules except:
  1. a.
    Southern blot analysis
  2. b.
    RFLP analysis
  3. c.
    northern blot analysis
  4. d.
    microarray analysis

Answer

B. RFLP analysis

12-9 §12.MC source ↗

The science of studying the entire collection of mRNA molecules produced by cells, allowing scientists to monitor differences in gene expression patterns between cells, is called:
  1. a.
    genomics
  2. b.
    transcriptomics
  3. c.
    proteomics
  4. d.
    pharmacogenomics

Answer

B. transcriptomics

12-10 §12.MC source ↗

The science of studying genomic fragments from microbial communities, allowing researchers to study genes from a collection of multiple species, is called:
  1. a.
    pharmacogenomics
  2. b.
    transcriptomics
  3. c.
    metagenomics
  4. d.
    proteomics

Answer

C. metagenomics

12-11 §12.MC source ↗

The insulin produced by recombinant DNA technology is
  1. a.
    a combination of E. coli and human insulin.
  2. b.
    identical to human insulin produced in the pancreas.
  3. c.
    cheaper but less effective than pig insulin for treating diabetes.
  4. d.
    engineered to be more effective than human insulin.

Answer

B. identical to human insulin produced in the pancreas.

12-12 §12.MC source ↗

At what point can the FDA halt the development or use of gene therapy?
  1. a.
    on submission of an IND application
  2. b.
    during clinical trials
  3. c.
    after manufacturing and marketing of the approved therapy
  4. d.
    all of the answers are correct

Answer

D. all of the answers are correct

12-17 §12.FITB source ↗

The process of introducing DNA molecules into eukaryotic cells is called ________.

Answer

transfection

12-18 §12.FITB source ↗

The __________ blot technique is used to find an RNA fragment within a sample that is complementary to a DNA probe.

Answer

northern

12-19 §12.FITB source ↗

The PCR step during which the double-stranded template molecule becomes single-stranded is called _____________.

Answer

denaturation

12-20 §12.FITB source ↗

The sequencing method involving the incorporation of ddNTPs is called __________.

Answer

Sanger sequencing, dideoxy method, or chain termination method

12-21 §12.FITB source ↗

The application of genomics to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of drugs on the basis of information from an individual’s genomic sequence is called ____________.

Answer

pharmacogenomics or toxicogenomics

12-22 §12.FITB source ↗

A gene whose expression can be easily visualized and monitored is called a ________.

Answer

reporter gene

12-23 §12.FITB source ↗

_____________ is a common viral vector used in gene therapy for introducing a new gene into a specifically targeted cell type.

Answer

Adenovirus

12-13 §12.TF source ↗

Recombination is a process not usually observed in nature.

Answer

false

12-14 §12.TF source ↗

It is generally easier to introduce recombinant DNA into prokaryotic cells than into eukaryotic cells.

Answer

true

12-15 §12.TF source ↗

In agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA will be attracted to the negative electrode.

Answer

false

12-16 §12.TF source ↗

RNA interference does not influence the sequence of genomic DNA.

Answer

true

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Problems and answers are adapted from Microbiology by Nina Parker, Mark Schneegurt, Anh-Hue Thi Tu, Philip Lister and Brian M. Forster, OpenStax, and are used under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/microbiology/pages/1-introduction. Illustrations: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This adaptation is released under the same licence, is non-commercial, and is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by OpenStax or Rice University.