Content check — Microbiology, Chapter 26: Nervous System Infections

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Chapter 26: Nervous System Infections

45 problems · 0 figures

26-1 §26.MC source ↗

What is the outermost membrane surrounding the brain called?

a.
pia mater
b.
arachnoid mater
c.
dura mater
d.
alma mater

Answer

C. dura mater

26-2 §26.MC source ↗

What term refers to an inflammation of brain tissues?

a.
encephalitis
b.
meningitis
c.
sinusitis
d.
meningoencephalitis

Answer

A. encephalitis

26-3 §26.MC source ↗

Nerve cells form long projections called ________.

a.
soma
b.
axons
c.
dendrites
d.
synapses

Answer

B. axons

26-4 §26.MC source ↗

Chemicals called ________ are stored in neurons and released when the cell is stimulated by a signal.

a.
toxins
b.
cytokines
c.
chemokines
d.
neurotransmitters

Answer

D. neurotransmitters

26-5 §26.MC source ↗

The central nervous system is made up of

a.
sensory organs and muscles.
b.
the brain and muscles.
c.
the sensory organs and spinal cord.
d.
the brain and spinal column.

Answer

D. the brain and spinal column.

26-6 §26.MC source ↗

Which of the following organisms causes epidemic meningitis cases at college campuses?

a.
Haemophilus influenzae type b
b.
Neisseria meningitidis
c.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
d.
Listeria monocytogenes

Answer

B. Neisseria meningitidis

26-7 §26.MC source ↗

Which of the following is the most common cause of neonatal meningitis?

a.
Haemophilus influenzae b
b.
Streptococcus agalactiae
c.
Neisseria meningitidis
d.
Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

B. Streptococcus agalactiae

26-8 §26.MC source ↗

What sign/symptom would NOT be associated with infant botulism?

a.
difficulty suckling
b.
limp body
c.
stiff neck
d.
weak cry

Answer

C. stiff neck

26-9 §26.MC source ↗

Which of the following can NOT be prevented with a vaccine?

a.
tetanus
b.
pneumococcal meningitis
c.
meningococcal meningitis
d.
listeriosis

Answer

D. listeriosis

26-10 §26.MC source ↗

How is leprosy primarily transmitted from person to person?

a.
contaminated toilet seats
b.
shaking hands
c.
blowing nose
d.
sexual intercourse

Answer

C. blowing nose

26-11 §26.MC source ↗

Which of these diseases can be prevented with a vaccine for humans?

a.
eastern equine encephalitis
b.
western equine encephalitis
c.
West Nile encephalitis
d.
Japanese encephalitis

Answer

D. Japanese encephalitis

26-12 §26.MC source ↗

Which of these diseases does NOT require the introduction of foreign nucleic acid?

a.
kuru
b.
polio
c.
rabies
d.
St. Louis encephalitis

Answer

A. kuru

26-13 §26.MC source ↗

Which of these is true of the Sabin but NOT the Salk polio vaccine?

a.
requires four injections
b.
currently administered in the United States
c.
mimics the normal route of infection
d.
is an inactivated vaccine

Answer

C. mimics the normal route of infection

26-14 §26.MC source ↗

Which of the following animals is NOT a typical reservoir for the spread of rabies?

a.
dog
b.
bat
c.
skunk
d.
chicken

Answer

D. chicken

26-15 §26.MC source ↗

Which of these diseases results in meningitis caused by an encapsulated yeast?

a.
cryptococcosis
b.
histoplasmosis
c.
candidiasis
d.
coccidiomycosis

Answer

A. cryptococcosis

26-16 §26.MC source ↗

What kind of stain is most commonly used to visualize the capsule of cryptococcus?

a.
Gram stain
b.
simple stain
c.
negative stain
d.
fluorescent stain

Answer

C. negative stain

26-17 §26.MC source ↗

Which of the following is the causative agent of East African trypanosomiasis?

a.
Trypanosoma cruzi
b.
Trypanosoma vivax
c.
Trypanosoma brucei rhodanese
d.
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

Answer

C. Trypanosoma brucei rhodanese

26-18 §26.MC source ↗

Which of the following is the causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis?

a.
Naegleria fowleri
b.
Entameba histolyticum
c.
Amoeba proteus
d.
Acanthamoeba polyphaga

Answer

A. Naegleria fowleri

26-19 §26.MC source ↗

What is the biological vector for African sleeping sickness?

a.
mosquito
b.
tsetse fly
c.
deer tick
d.
sand fly

Answer

B. tsetse fly

26-20 §26.MC source ↗

How do humans usually contract neurocysticercosis?

a.
the bite of an infected arthropod
b.
exposure to contaminated cat feces
c.
swimming in contaminated water
d.
ingestion of undercooked pork

Answer

D. ingestion of undercooked pork

26-21 §26.MC source ↗

Which of these is the most important cause of adult onset epilepsy?

a.
neurocysticercosis
b.
neurotoxoplasmosis
c.
primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
d.
African trypanosomiasis

Answer

A. neurocysticercosis

26-23 §26.FITB source ↗

The cell body of a neuron is called the ________.

Answer

soma

26-24 §26.FITB source ↗

A signal is transmitted down the ________ of a nerve cell.

Answer

axon

26-25 §26.FITB source ↗

The ________ is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer

subarachnoid space

26-26 §26.FITB source ↗

The ________ ________ prevents access of microbes in the blood from gaining access to the central nervous system.

Answer

blood-brain barrier

26-27 §26.FITB source ↗

The ________ are a set of membranes that cover and protect the brain.

Answer

meninges

26-28 §26.FITB source ↗

The form of meningitis that can cause epidemics is caused by the pathogen ________.

Answer

Neisseria meningitidis

26-29 §26.FITB source ↗

The symptoms of tetanus are caused by the neurotoxin ________.

Answer

tetanospasmin

26-30 §26.FITB source ↗

________ is another name for leprosy.

Answer

Hansen’s disease

26-31 §26.FITB source ↗

Botulism prevents the release of the neurotransmitter ________.

Answer

acetylcholine

26-32 §26.FITB source ↗

________ is a neurological disease that can be prevented with the DTaP vaccine.

Answer

Tetanus

26-33 §26.FITB source ↗

Tetanus patients exhibit ________ when muscle spasms causes them to arch their backs.

Answer

opisthotonos

26-34 §26.FITB source ↗

The rogue form of the prion protein is called ________.

Answer

PrP^Sc

26-35 §26.FITB source ↗

________ are the most common reservoir for the rabies virus worldwide.

Answer

Dogs

26-36 §26.FITB source ↗

________ was the scientist who developed the inactivated polio vaccine.

Answer

Jonas Salk

26-37 §26.FITB source ↗

________ is a prion disease of deer and elk.

Answer

Chronic wasting disease

26-38 §26.FITB source ↗

The rogue form of prion protein exists primarily in the ________ conformation.

Answer

beta sheet

26-39 §26.FITB source ↗

The ________ is the main virulence factor of Cryptococcus neoformans.

Answer

capsule

26-40 §26.FITB source ↗

The drug of choice for fungal infections of the nervous system is ________.

Answer

Amphotericin B

26-41 §26.FITB source ↗

The larval forms of a tapeworm are known as ________.

Answer

cysticerci

26-42 §26.FITB source ↗

________ sign appears as swollen lymph nodes at the back of the neck in early African trypanosomiasis.

Answer

Winterbottom’s

26-43 §26.FITB source ↗

________ African trypanosomiasis causes a chronic form of sleeping sickness.

Answer

West

26-44 §26.FITB source ↗

The definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii is ________.

Answer

cats

26-45 §26.FITB source ↗

Trypanosomes can evade the immune response through ________ variation.

Answer

antigenic

26-22 §26.M source ↗

Match each strategy for microbial invasion of the CNS with its description.

___intercellular entry	A. pathogen gains entry by infecting peripheral white blood cells
___transcellular entry	B. pathogen bypasses the blood-brain barrier by travel along the olfactory or trigeminal cranial nerves
___leukocyte-facilitated entry	C. pathogen passes through the cells of the blood-brain barrier
___nonhematogenous entry	D. pathogen passes between the cells of the blood-brain barrier

Answer

D, C, A, B

End of the book.

Problems and answers are adapted from Microbiology by Nina Parker, Mark Schneegurt, Anh-Hue Thi Tu, Philip Lister and Brian M. Forster, OpenStax, and are used under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/microbiology/pages/1-introduction. Illustrations: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This adaptation is released under the same licence, is non-commercial, and is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by OpenStax or Rice University.