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Chapter 19: Diseases of the Immune System

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Chapter 19: Diseases of the Immune System

27 problems · 0 figures

19-1 §19.MC source ↗

Which of the following is the type of cell largely responsible for type I hypersensitivity responses?
  1. a.
    erythrocyte
  2. b.
    mast cell
  3. c.
    T lymphocyte
  4. d.
    antibody

Answer

B. mast cell

19-2 §19.MC source ↗

Type I hypersensitivities require which of the following initial priming events to occur?
  1. a.
    sensitization
  2. b.
    secondary immune response
  3. c.
    cellular trauma
  4. d.
    degranulation

Answer

A. sensitization

19-3 §19.MC source ↗

Which of the following are the main mediators/initiators of type II hypersensitivity reactions?
  1. a.
    antibodies
  2. b.
    mast cells
  3. c.
    erythrocytes
  4. d.
    histamines

Answer

A. antibodies

19-4 §19.MC source ↗

Inflammatory molecules are released by mast cells in type I hypersensitivities; type II hypersensitivities, however, are characterized by which of the following?
  1. a.
    cell lysis (cytotoxicity)
  2. b.
    strong antibody reactions against antigens
  3. c.
    leukotriene release upon stimulation
  4. d.
    localized tissue reactions, such as hives

Answer

A. cell lysis (cytotoxicity)

19-5 §19.MC source ↗

An immune complex is an aggregate of which of the following?
  1. a.
    antibody molecules
  2. b.
    antigen molecules
  3. c.
    antibody and antigen molecules
  4. d.
    histamine molecules

Answer

C. antibody and antigen molecules

19-6 §19.MC source ↗

Which of the following is a common treatment for type III hypersensitivity reactions?
  1. a.
    anti-inflammatory steroid treatments
  2. b.
    antihistamine treatments
  3. c.
    hyposensitization injections of allergens
  4. d.
    RhoGAM injections

Answer

A. anti-inflammatory steroid treatments

19-7 §19.MC source ↗

Which of the following induces a type III hypersensitivity?
  1. a.
    release of inflammatory molecules from mast cells
  2. b.
    accumulation of immune complexes in tissues and small blood vessels
  3. c.
    destruction of cells bound by antigens
  4. d.
    destruction of cells bound by antibodies

Answer

B. accumulation of immune complexes in tissues and small blood vessels

19-8 §19.MC source ↗

Which one of the following is not an example of a type IV hypersensitivity?
  1. a.
    latex allergy
  2. b.
    Contact dermatitis (e.g., contact with poison ivy)
  3. c.
    a positive tuberculin skin test
  4. d.
    hemolytic disease of the newborn

Answer

D. hemolytic disease of the newborn

19-9 §19.MC source ↗

Which of the following is an example of an organ-specific autoimmune disease?
  1. a.
    rheumatoid arthritis
  2. b.
    psoriasis
  3. c.
    Addison disease
  4. d.
    myasthenia gravis

Answer

C. Addison disease

19-10 §19.MC source ↗

Which of the following is an example of a systemic autoimmune disease?
  1. a.
    Hashimoto thyroiditis
  2. b.
    type I diabetes mellitus
  3. c.
    Graves disease
  4. d.
    myasthenia gravis

Answer

D. myasthenia gravis

19-11 §19.MC source ↗

Which of the following is a genetic disease that results in lack of production of antibodies?
  1. a.
    agammaglobulinemia
  2. b.
    myasthenia gravis
  3. c.
    HIV/AIDS
  4. d.
    chronic granulomatous disease

Answer

A. agammaglobulinemia

19-12 §19.MC source ↗

Which of the following is a genetic disease that results in almost no adaptive immunity due to lack of B and/ or T cells?
  1. a.
    agammaglobulinemia
  2. b.
    severe combined immunodeficiency
  3. c.
    HIV/AIDS
  4. d.
    chronic granulomatous disease

Answer

B. severe combined immunodeficiency

19-13 §19.MC source ↗

All but which one of the following are examples of secondary immunodeficiencies?
  1. a.
    HIV/AIDS
  2. b.
    malnutrition
  3. c.
    chronic granulomatous disease
  4. d.
    immunosuppression due to measles infection

Answer

C. chronic granulomatous disease

19-14 §19.MC source ↗

Cancer results when a mutation leads to which of the following?
  1. a.
    cell death
  2. b.
    apoptosis
  3. c.
    loss of cell-cycle control
  4. d.
    shutdown of the cell cycle

Answer

C. loss of cell-cycle control

19-15 §19.MC source ↗

Tumor antigens are ________ that are inappropriately expressed and found on abnormal cells.
  1. a.
    self antigens
  2. b.
    foreign antigens
  3. c.
    antibodies
  4. d.
    T-cell receptors

Answer

A. self antigens

19-17 §19.FITB source ↗

Antibodies involved in type I hypersensitivities are of the ________ class.

Answer

IgE

19-18 §19.FITB source ↗

Allergy shots work by shifting antibody responses to produce ________ antibodies.

Answer

IgG

19-19 §19.FITB source ↗

A person who is blood type A would have IgM hemagglutinin antibodies against type ________ red blood cells in their plasma.

Answer

B

19-20 §19.FITB source ↗

The itchy and blistering rash that develops with contact to poison ivy is caused by a type ________ hypersensitivity reaction.

Answer

IV

19-21 §19.FITB source ↗

The thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin that acts like thyroid-stimulating hormone and causes Graves disease is an antibody to the ________.

Answer

thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor

19-22 §19.FITB source ↗

For a transplant to have the best chances of avoiding rejection, the genes coding for the ________ molecules should be closely matched between donor and recipient.

Answer

MHC

19-23 §19.FITB source ↗

Because it is a “transplant” that can include APCs and T cells from the donor, a bone marrow transplant may induce a very specific type of rejection known as ________ disease.

Answer

graft-versus-host

19-24 §19.FITB source ↗

Diseases due to ________ abnormalities are termed primary immunodeficiencies.

Answer

genetic

19-25 §19.FITB source ↗

A secondary immunodeficiency is ________, rather than genetic.

Answer

acquired

19-26 §19.FITB source ↗

A ________ cancer vaccine is one that stops the disease from occurring in the first place.

Answer

preventive

19-27 §19.FITB source ↗

A ________ cancer vaccine is one that will help to treat the disease after it has occurred.

Answer

therapeutic

19-16 §19.M source ↗

Match the graft with its description.

___autograft A. donor is a different species than the recipient
___allograft B. donor and recipient are the same individual
___xenograft C. donor is an identical twin of the recipient
___isograft D. donor is the same species as the recipient, but genetically different

Answer

B, D, A, C

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Problems and answers are adapted from Microbiology by Nina Parker, Mark Schneegurt, Anh-Hue Thi Tu, Philip Lister and Brian M. Forster, OpenStax, and are used under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/microbiology/pages/1-introduction. Illustrations: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This adaptation is released under the same licence, is non-commercial, and is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by OpenStax or Rice University.