Content check — Behavioral Neuroscience, Chapter 10: Motor Control

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Chapter 10: Motor Control

15 problems · 0 figures

A skeletal muscle is composed of many multi-nucleated ________ which each contain bundles of ________, where contractile proteins are organized into ________.

a.
sarcomeres / myofibrils / muscle cells (fibers)
b.
muscle cells (fibers) / sarcomeres / myofibrils
c.
myofibrils / muscle cells (fibers) / sarcomeres
d.
muscle cells (fibers) / myofibrils / sarcomeres

Answer

D. muscle cells (fibers) / myofibrils / sarcomeres

10-3 §10.1 source ↗

Which contraction-associated protein is considered a “thick filament” and contains the globular heads within a myofibril?

a.
actin
b.
myosin
c.
troponin
d.
tropomyosin

Answer

B. myosin

10-5 §10.1 source ↗

Which contraction-associated protein starts the cross-bridge cycle with its globular heads bound with adenosine diphosphate (ADP)?

a.
actin
b.
myosin
c.
troponin
d.
tropomyosin

Answer

B. myosin

10-7 §10.1 source ↗

Which of the below neuron types would synapse directly onto a muscle cell/fiber?

a.
lower motoneuron
b.
upper motoneuron
c.
pyramidal cell in motor cortex
d.
interneuron in spinal cord

Answer

A. lower motoneuron

10-9 §10.2 source ↗

Neurons that make up the hypoglossal cranial nerve (#12), and a motoneuron from the ventrolateral spine, are both lower motoneurons because (by definition) they:

a.
are involved in motor control.
b.
reside in motoric-associated regions of the nervous system.
c.
project directly to muscles.
d.
release acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter.

Answer

C. project directly to muscles.

10-11 §10.2 source ↗

A disease that results from diminished expression of nicotinic receptors on motor end plates and corresponding jerky/slowed movement is called:

a.
myasthenia gravis.
b.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
c.
hyperadrenalism.
d.
depressive neurosis.

Answer

A. myasthenia gravis.

10-13 §10.2 source ↗

The ________ are sensitive to longitudinal pull or stretch of muscles and work by wrapping around differentially expanded ________ muscle cells/fibers which maintain different sensitivities to stretch within muscle masses.

a.
spindle fibers / intrafusal
b.
Golgi tendon organs / dead
c.
dorsal root ganglion neurons / extrafusal
d.
spindle fibers / extrafusal

Answer

A. spindle fibers / intrafusal

10-15 §10.2 source ↗

One sort of task described in your textbook that involves a complex dynamic coordination between skin touch receptors, Golgi tendon organs, and both upper and lower motoneurons would be:

a.
monkeys scratching their heads.
b.
monkeys swishing their tails around.
c.
monkeys swinging through the trees from branch to branch.
d.
monkeys eating a banana.

Answer

C. monkeys swinging through the trees from branch to branch.

10-17 §10.3 source ↗

Which brain structure is NOT a part of the basal ganglia?

a.
caudate nucleus
b.
internal globus pallidus
c.
red nucleus
d.
all of the above

Answer

C. red nucleus

10-19 §10.3 source ↗

Which of the below brain diseases manifests “cogwheel rigidity” as a major part of its outward behavioral expression?

a.
Huntington’s disease
b.
Parkinson’s disease
c.
cerebellar ataxia
d.
Tourette’s syndrome

Answer

B. Parkinson’s disease

10-21 §10.3 source ↗

The Parkinson’s disease treatment called deep brain stimulation targets either the ________ or select regions within the ________ or ________ thalamus for continuous rapid electrical stimulation in a manner that reversibly diminishes the distorted contributions of these structures to the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.

a.
caudate / ventral posterolateral / ventral posteromedial
b.
globus pallidus external / ventral anterior / ventrolateral
c.
internal globus pallidus / ventral posterolateral / ventral posteromedial
d.
internal globus pallidus / ventral anterior / ventrolateral

Answer

D. internal globus pallidus / ventral anterior / ventrolateral

10-23 §10.3 source ↗

Which descending axonal fiber tract derived from the motor cortices among those depicted below is responsible for activating brainstem areas such as those responsible for movement-associated cranial nerves?

a.
lateral corticospinal
b.
anterior corticospinal
c.
corticonuclear
d.
corticothalamic

Answer

C. corticonuclear

Fill in the Blank 10.1 §10.1 source ↗

When the myosin globular head is attached to the thin filament binding site and proceeds to angle itself toward the center of the sarcomere to pull the thin filament inward while bound by Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP), this is called a ________.

Answer

power stroke

Fill in the Blank 10.3 §10.2 source ↗

The type of sensation in which information about the stretch, amount of force used, or general location of limbs based on the extension of muscles are all processed is generally called ________.

Answer

proprioception

Fill in the Blank 10.5 §10.3 source ↗

The precursor molecule representing partial production of dopamine as it is derived from the amino acid tyrosine, which is given to Parkinson’s patients because, unlike dopamine, it can cross the blood-brain barrier, is called ________.

Answer

L-DOPA or levodopa

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Problems and answers are adapted from Introduction to Behavioral Neuroscience by Elizabeth D. Kirby, Melissa J. Glenn, Noah J. Sandstrom and Christina L. Williams, OpenStax, and are used under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/introduction-behavioral-neuroscience/pages/1-introduction. Illustrations: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This adaptation is released under the same licence, is non-commercial, and is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by OpenStax or Rice University.