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Chapter 15: Biological Rhythms and Sleep

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Chapter 15: Biological Rhythms and Sleep

15 problems · 0 figures

15-1 §15.1 source ↗

Female rats have an estrous cycle that determines when they are sexually receptive to a mate. This cycle repeats every ~4 days. What kind of biological rhythm is this?
  1. a.
    Ultradian
  2. b.
    Circadian
  3. c.
    Infradian
  4. d.
    Circannual

Answer

C. Infradian

15-3 §15.1 source ↗

Every day, Eli’s alarm goes off at 6am. He hits snooze and usually does not wake up until 8am. The 2h difference between his alarm and when Eli wakes up is called a:
  1. a.
    phase difference.
  2. b.
    period.
  3. c.
    amplitude.
  4. d.
    phase.

Answer

A. phase difference.

15-5 §15.1 source ↗

When laboratory rodents are shifted to live in constant darkness, they still show a 24h rhythm in their activity levels. We call their rhythm in these conditions:
  1. a.
    entrained.
  2. b.
    free-running.
  3. c.
    chronotype.
  4. d.
    photically shifted.

Answer

B. free-running.

15-7 §15.1 source ↗

Which of the following species show a circadian rhythm?
  1. a.
    Rats
  2. b.
    Bacteria
  3. c.
    Plants
  4. d.
    All of these

Answer

D. All of these

15-9 §15.2 source ↗

Imagine a rodent has a small stroke that destroys their bilateral SCN. What would happen to their activity rhythm?
  1. a.
    Their activity rhythm would shift earlier a bit
  2. b.
    Their rhythm would continue but would no longer entrain to changes in external light cues
  3. c.
    Not much would happen
  4. d.
    Their rhythm would become disorganized

Answer

D. Their rhythm would become disorganized

15-11 §15.2 source ↗

Which of these people likely has the highest melatonin levels in their blood?
  1. a.
    Someone deep asleep in the middle of the night
  2. b.
    Someone wide awake in the middle of the day
  3. c.
    Someone taking a late afternoon nap
  4. d.
    Someone who just woke up in the morning

Answer

A. Someone deep asleep in the middle of the night

15-13 §15.3 source ↗

Jax has stayed up all night working on an essay for class. The next day, they are exhausted and fall asleep at 9 in the morning. Which process is driving them to sleep?
  1. a.
    Process C
  2. b.
    Process S
  3. c.
    The glymphatic system
  4. d.
    Metabolic wakefulness

Answer

B. Process S

15-15 §15.3 source ↗

During which stage of sleep are frequent eye movements observed?
  1. a.
    Stage 1
  2. b.
    Stage 2
  3. c.
    Stage 3
  4. d.
    REM

Answer

D. REM

15-17 §15.3 source ↗

The flip flop switch of sleep-wake systems means that when the pontine peduncular tegmentum (PPT) is active, which system is inhibited?
  1. a.
    VLPO
  2. b.
    TMN
  3. c.
    Raphe nuclei
  4. d.
    Locus coeruleus

Answer

A. VLPO

15-19 §15.4 source ↗

What is the name of the sleep disorder characterized primarily by a failure to entrain to the 24-hour day?
  1. a.
    Narcolepsy
  2. b.
    Non-24hour sleep/wake disorder
  3. c.
    Laziness
  4. d.
    Insomnia

Answer

B. Non-24hour sleep/wake disorder

15-21 §15.4 source ↗

What are things in common between people suffering from narcolepsy and delayed sleep-wake phase disorder?
  1. a.
    Excessive daytime sleepiness
  2. b.
    Both suffer primarily from too little sleep
  3. c.
    Both suffer primarily from disorganized sleep phase progression, falling into REM sleep too rapidly
  4. d.
    All of these

Answer

A. Excessive daytime sleepiness

15-23 §15.5 source ↗

Which of the following represent good sleep hygiene?
  1. a.
    Going to bed at the same time every night
  2. b.
    Using your phone to wind down right before bed
  3. c.
    Keeping your bedroom warm
  4. d.
    Having a loud night owl roommate

Answer

A. Going to bed at the same time every night

Fill in the Blank 15.1 §15.1 source ↗

The field of ________ studies biological clocks and biological rhythms within an organism.

Answer

chronobiology

Fill in the Blank 15.3 §15.1 source ↗

________ is a term used to describe how an organism’s internally generated rhythm is synchronized to the rhythms of the external environment.

Answer

Entrainment

Fill in the Blank 15.5 §15.2 source ↗

In the presence of light, the pineal gland will reduce secretion of ________ into the bloodstream.

Answer

melatonin

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Problems and answers are adapted from Introduction to Behavioral Neuroscience by Elizabeth D. Kirby, Melissa J. Glenn, Noah J. Sandstrom and Christina L. Williams, OpenStax, and are used under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/introduction-behavioral-neuroscience/pages/1-introduction. Illustrations: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This adaptation is released under the same licence, is non-commercial, and is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by OpenStax or Rice University.