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Chapter 8: The Chemical Senses

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Chapter 8: The Chemical Senses

15 problems · 0 figures

8-1 §8.1 source ↗

Food with an umami flavor likely contains which essential nutrient?
  1. a.
    Carbohydrates
  2. b.
    Proteins and Amino Acids
  3. c.
    Fats
  4. d.
    Ions and electrolytes

Answer

B. Proteins and Amino Acids

8-3 §8.2 source ↗

Which statement about bitter taste compounds is false?
  1. a.
    Bitter taste molecules include cocaine, caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol
  2. b.
    Many bitter molecules have physiological or psychoactive effects on animals that could be potentially dangerous
  3. c.
    Bitter taste molecules activate G-protein-coupled receptors
  4. d.
    The bitter taste sensation is caused by acidic, low pH foods

Answer

D. The bitter taste sensation is caused by acidic, low pH foods

8-5 §8.2 source ↗

Which of the following is NOT a proposed taste modality?
  1. a.
    Fatty
  2. b.
    Metallic
  3. c.
    Floral
  4. d.
    Kokumi/richness

Answer

C. Floral

8-7 §8.2 source ↗

All of the following nerves conduct gustatory information into the nucleus of the solitary tract, except:
  1. a.
    the olfactory nerve.
  2. b.
    the facial nerve.
  3. c.
    the vagus nerve.
  4. d.
    the glossopharyngeal nerve.

Answer

A. the olfactory nerve.

8-9 §8.2 source ↗

Conscious perception of taste occurs in the primary gustatory cortex, which is located in the ________.
  1. a.
    ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus (VPMpc)
  2. b.
    piriform cortex
  3. c.
    anterior insular cortex
  4. d.
    orbitofrontal cortex

Answer

C. anterior insular cortex

8-11 §8.3 source ↗

Which is not a behavior that is mediated by the olfactory system?
  1. a.
    Navigation
  2. b.
    Mate selection
  3. c.
    Body position
  4. d.
    Nutrient finding

Answer

C. Body position

8-13 §8.3 source ↗

Which cells are the output neurons of the olfactory bulb?
  1. a.
    Hair cells and Glia
  2. b.
    Mitral cells and Tufted cells
  3. c.
    Mueller cells and Pyramidal cells
  4. d.
    Interneurons and Dopaminergic cells

Answer

B. Mitral cells and Tufted cells

8-15 §8.3 source ↗

What division of the chemical senses is dedicated to communication and pheromone detection?
  1. a.
    The main olfactory system
  2. b.
    The tertiary olfactory system
  3. c.
    The partial olfactory system
  4. d.
    The accessory olfactory system

Answer

D. The accessory olfactory system

8-17 §8.3 source ↗

The Covid-19 virus primarily targets which cell type in the olfactory epithelium?
  1. a.
    Olfactory sensory neurons
  2. b.
    Supporting cells
  3. c.
    Glial cells
  4. d.
    Basal cells

Answer

B. Supporting cells

8-19 §8.3 source ↗

______ mediates the emotional aspect of olfactory perception.
  1. a.
    The amygdala
  2. b.
    The olfactory bulb
  3. c.
    The entorhinal cortex
  4. d.
    The olfactory trace

Answer

A. The amygdala

8-21 §8.3 source ↗

Each glomerulus receives input from how many subtype(s) of olfactory sensory neurons?
  1. a.
    One
  2. b.
    At least 10
  3. c.
    Zero
  4. d.
    At least 100

Answer

A. One

8-23 §8.4 source ↗

Which of the following chemicals activates TRPV1 to create the sensation of noxious heat (about 43C)?
  1. a.
    Capsaicin
  2. b.
    AITC
  3. c.
    Menthol
  4. d.
    Mustard Oil

Answer

A. Capsaicin

Fill in the Blank 8.1 §8.1 source ↗

Chemicals called ________ are sensed through a specialized olfactory system and can influence reproductive behaviors.

Answer

pheromones

Fill in the Blank 8.3 §8.2 source ↗

________ express ionotropic or metabotropic surface receptors that allow for the detection of different types of chemicals.

Answer

Taste cells

Fill in the Blank 8.5 §8.3 source ↗

The ________ is found deep within the nasal cavity and acts as the primary sensory organ for the olfactory system.

Answer

olfactory epithelium

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Problems and answers are adapted from Introduction to Behavioral Neuroscience by Elizabeth D. Kirby, Melissa J. Glenn, Noah J. Sandstrom and Christina L. Williams, OpenStax, and are used under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/introduction-behavioral-neuroscience/pages/1-introduction. Illustrations: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This adaptation is released under the same licence, is non-commercial, and is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by OpenStax or Rice University.