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Chapter 6: Vision

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Chapter 6: Vision

15 problems · 0 figures

6-1 §6.1 source ↗

Light is most frequently described by the:
  1. a.
    amplitude of pressure waves in the air.
  2. b.
    wavelength of electromagnetic waves.
  3. c.
    size of photons.
  4. d.
    speed of photons.

Answer

B. wavelength of electromagnetic waves.

6-3 §6.1 source ↗

The defects that cause myopia are typically in the:
  1. a.
    retina.
  2. b.
    brain.
  3. c.
    shape of the eye.
  4. d.
    ear.

Answer

C. shape of the eye.

6-5 §6.2 source ↗

Imagine you are recording from a photoreceptor. You start recording in the dark then shine bright light on the photoreceptor. What will happen?
  1. a.
    The photoreceptor will fire action potentials. The brighter the light, the more action potentials it will fire.
  2. b.
    The photoreceptor will stop firing action potentials. The brighter the light, the fewer action potentials it will fire.
  3. c.
    The photoreceptor will hyperpolarize. The brighter the light, the more it will hyperpolarize.
  4. d.
    The photoreceptor will depolarize. The brighter the light, the more it will depolarize.

Answer

C. The photoreceptor will hyperpolarize. The brighter the light, the more it will hyperpolarize.

6-7 §6.2 source ↗

Which of the following molecules changes shape directly in response to light exposure?
  1. a.
    11-cis-retinal
  2. b.
    phosphodiesterase
  3. c.
    cGMP
  4. d.
    Na+ channels

Answer

A. 11-cis-retinal

6-9 §6.2 source ↗

Color blindness:
  1. a.
    is caused by mutations that make one of the cone types less functional.
  2. b.
    is more common in males than females.
  3. c.
    does not make a person actually blind to a wavelength of light but just makes some colors look more similar than they do for non-color blind individuals.
  4. d.
    All of these are true

Answer

D. All of these are true

6-11 §6.3 source ↗

Which of the following have receptive fields?
  1. a.
    Photoreceptors
  2. b.
    Bipolar cells
  3. c.
    Retinal ganglion cells
  4. d.
    All of these

Answer

D. All of these

6-13 §6.3 source ↗

High acuity vision relies on which cell type?
  1. a.
    Magnocellular ganglion cells
  2. b.
    Parvocellular ganglion cells
  3. c.
    Ganglion cells that project to the superior colliculus
  4. d.
    Melanopsin-containing ganglion cells

Answer

B. Parvocellular ganglion cells

6-15 §6.4 source ↗

Visual information from the right visual field is transmitted to:
  1. a.
    right LGN.
  2. b.
    left LGN.
  3. c.
    both right and left LGN.
  4. d.
    right V1.

Answer

B. left LGN.

6-17 §6.4 source ↗

A cortical simple cell will respond well to a:
  1. a.
    very bright spot of light.
  2. b.
    straight-line edge of light contrasted with dark in a preferred spatial location.
  3. c.
    straight-line edge of light contrasted with dark anywhere in the receptive field
  4. d.
    dark spot on a bright background.

Answer

B. straight-line edge of light contrasted with dark in a preferred spatial location.

6-19 §6.4 source ↗

The preferential responsiveness of a V1 neuron to input from one eye over the other is known as:
  1. a.
    ocular dominance.
  2. b.
    narrow tuning.
  3. c.
    endstopping.
  4. d.
    retinotopia.

Answer

A. ocular dominance.

6-21 §6.4 source ↗

A recording electrode placed in the most posterior part of V1, at the very back of the occipital cortex, would be excited most by light from:
  1. a.
    the periphery.
  2. b.
    red wavelength.
  3. c.
    the fovea.
  4. d.
    the contralateral eye.

Answer

C. the fovea.

6-23 §6.5 source ↗

The dorsal stream in visual processing:
  1. a.
    mediates face recognition.
  2. b.
    is composed primarily of area MT.
  3. c.
    has information flow only in the forward direction, from V1 into dorsal cortical areas.
  4. d.
    is composed of multiple brain regions with connections that send information forward and backwards (feedback).

Answer

D. is composed of multiple brain regions with connections that send information forward and backwards (feedback).

Fill in the Blank 6.1 §6.1 source ↗

Our visual system interprets the ________ of light as its color.

Answer

wavelength

Fill in the Blank 6.3 §6.2 source ↗

Of the five major neuronal cell types in the retina, ________ are located closest to the incoming light.

Answer

retinal ganglion cells

Fill in the Blank 6.5 §6.4 source ↗

The ________ map is the map of receptive field positions in the visual system.

Answer

retinotopic

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Problems and answers are adapted from Introduction to Behavioral Neuroscience by Elizabeth D. Kirby, Melissa J. Glenn, Noah J. Sandstrom and Christina L. Williams, OpenStax, and are used under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/introduction-behavioral-neuroscience/pages/1-introduction. Illustrations: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This adaptation is released under the same licence, is non-commercial, and is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by OpenStax or Rice University.