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Chapter 19: Attention and Executive Function

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Chapter 19: Attention and Executive Function

15 problems · 0 figures

19-1 §19.1 source ↗

When might a visual search process be effortless and quick?
  1. a.
    When the object being searched for is asymmetrical
  2. b.
    When the object being searched for has a distinct color or shape
  3. c.
    When the object being searched for is a combination of color and shape
  4. d.
    When the object being searched for is far away

Answer

B. When the object being searched for has a distinct color or shape

19-3 §19.1 source ↗

Normally, consciousness varies with sleep-wake cycles. Which of the following situations shows that the two can be dissociated?
  1. a.
    Individuals who are under anesthesia but who are not awake
  2. b.
    People who cannot control the content of their dreams
  3. c.
    Patients with narcolepsy
  4. d.
    Patients in a persistent vegetative state

Answer

D. Patients in a persistent vegetative state

19-5 §19.2 source ↗

Which of the following is an impairment associated with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)
  1. a.
    Visual neglect for the left visual field
  2. b.
    Hemianopia for the left visual field
  3. c.
    Deficits in shifting attention from one location to another
  4. d.
    Representational neglect

Answer

C. Deficits in shifting attention from one location to another

19-7 §19.2 source ↗

If someone scanned your brain while you were daydreaming, without any specific task or goal in mind, which brain network would be mostly likely engaged?
  1. a.
    The default mode network
  2. b.
    The dorsal attentional network
  3. c.
    The representational neglect network
  4. d.
    The error monitoring network

Answer

A. The default mode network

19-9 §19.3 source ↗

What does the phenomenon of inattentional blindness suggest about the influence of top-down attentional goals on our perception?
  1. a.
    Top-down attentional goals have no impact on blindness
  2. b.
    Little of the sensory information in our visual world escapes our conscious awareness
  3. c.
    Bottom-up information is immune to intentional blindness
  4. d.
    Much of the sensory information in our visual world escapes our conscious awareness

Answer

D. Much of the sensory information in our visual world escapes our conscious awareness

19-11 §19.3 source ↗

In the context of visual processing, to what does the term “retinotopic organization” refer?
  1. a.
    The correspondence of the spatial arrangement of information on the retina and in visual brain regions
  2. b.
    The correspondence of the temporal arrangement of information on the retina and in visual brain regions
  3. c.
    The spatial arrangement of the retina relative to the cornea
  4. d.
    The synchronization of neural firing across rods and cones on the retina

Answer

A. The correspondence of the spatial arrangement of information on the retina and in visual brain regions

19-13 §19.3 source ↗

In the context of attention and perceptual load, which of the following real-life scenarios best illustrates a situation with low perceptual load?
  1. a.
    Identifying and tracking a red circle on a computer screen that’s crowded with one red circle and many blue circles
  2. b.
    Watching a critically acclaimed foreign film with subtitles at lunchtime in the campus dining hall
  3. c.
    Navigating through a crowded airport while checking departure screens, listening to announcements, and maneuvering through the crowd
  4. d.
    Solving a complex mathematical problem with multiple variables and equations

Answer

A. Identifying and tracking a red circle on a computer screen that’s crowded with one red circle and many blue circles

19-15 §19.4 source ↗

What is a saccade?
  1. a.
    A rapid eye movement to change the point of fixation
  2. b.
    A planned, but unexecuted eye movement
  3. c.
    Both A and B
  4. d.
    None of the above

Answer

A. A rapid eye movement to change the point of fixation

19-17 §19.4 source ↗

An early formulation of the premotor theory of attention was dubbed which of the following?
  1. a.
    The oculomotor retinotopy hypothesis
  2. b.
    The perceptual load hypothesis
  3. c.
    The oculomotor readiness hypothesis
  4. d.
    The perceptual readiness hypothesis

Answer

C. The oculomotor readiness hypothesis

19-19 §19.5 source ↗

According to the hemispheric rivalry hypothesis, how does neglect arise after damage to one hemisphere?
  1. a.
    Damage allows for the revival of the hemisphere drawing attention
  2. b.
    Attention is drawn disproportionately to the contralesional side
  3. c.
    Attention is drawn disproportionately to the ipsilesional side
  4. d.
    Neglect rivals perception in terms of attentional detail

Answer

C. Attention is drawn disproportionately to the ipsilesional side

19-21 §19.5 source ↗

Which of the following is the best description of a difference between someone with hemianopia and spatial neglect?
  1. a.
    Neglect patients are typically anosagnosic, but hemianopic patients are typically not
  2. b.
    Hemianopic patients are typically anosagnosic, but neglect patients are typically not
  3. c.
    Hemianopia typically results from right parietal lobe damage, whereas neglect typically results from left parietal damage
  4. d.
    Hemianopia can occur in different frames of reference, whereas neglect can only occur in one frame of reference

Answer

A. Neglect patients are typically anosagnosic, but hemianopic patients are typically not

19-23 §19.6 source ↗

Which of the following scenarios best describes the behavior of a patient with environmental dependency syndrome?
  1. a.
    A musician who repairs a musical instrument that fell off the wall of their home office
  2. b.
    A musician who mounts a musical instrument to the wall of their home office
  3. c.
    A musician who plays a musical instrument mounted to the wall during a doctor’s appointment
  4. d.
    A musician who plays a musical instrument behind a wall during an orchestra audition

Answer

C. A musician who plays a musical instrument mounted to the wall during a doctor’s appointment

Fill in the Blank 19.1 §19.1 source ↗

Unlike searching for an object with a single distinct feature, ________ search involves two distinct features and requires a lot more mental energy.

Answer

conjunction

Fill in the Blank 19.3 §19.2 source ↗

The frontal eye field is part of the ________ attentional network.

Answer

dorsal

Fill in the Blank 19.5 §19.5 source ↗

In neglect patients, representational neglect occurs not only for the external perceptual world, but also for ________ representations of space.

Answer

internal mental

End of the book.

Problems and answers are adapted from Introduction to Behavioral Neuroscience by Elizabeth D. Kirby, Melissa J. Glenn, Noah J. Sandstrom and Christina L. Williams, OpenStax, and are used under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/introduction-behavioral-neuroscience/pages/1-introduction. Illustrations: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This adaptation is released under the same licence, is non-commercial, and is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by OpenStax or Rice University.