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Chapter 11: Sexual Behavior and Development

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Chapter 11: Sexual Behavior and Development

15 problems · 0 figures

11-1 §11.1 source ↗

What is a way in which diploid organisms benefit from having two copies of each chromosome?
  1. a.
    They are able to clone themselves
  2. b.
    They mask harmful mutations
  3. c.
    They reduce the likelihood of mating
  4. d.
    They simplify cell division

Answer

B. They mask harmful mutations

11-3 §11.1 source ↗

In sexual reproduction, what type of cell division results in haploid gametes?
  1. a.
    Mitosis
  2. b.
    Binary Fission
  3. c.
    Meiosis
  4. d.
    Cloning

Answer

C. Meiosis

11-5 §11.1 source ↗

Which species is known for female-biased development of secondary traits?
  1. a.
    Elephant seals
  2. b.
    Satin bowerbirds
  3. c.
    Spotted hyenas
  4. d.
    Northern Cardinals

Answer

C. Spotted hyenas

11-7 §11.1 source ↗

In which scenario is intersexual selection most evident?
  1. a.
    Male lions competing for territory
  2. b.
    Females selecting males based on complex courtship displays
  3. c.
    Males developing larger body sizes
  4. d.
    Both sexes contributing equally to offspring care

Answer

B. Females selecting males based on complex courtship displays

11-9 §11.2 source ↗

Which of the following best describes bipotential gonads?
  1. a.
    Gonads that can develop into either testes or ovaries
  2. b.
    Gonads that produce both sperm and eggs
  3. c.
    Gonads that are specialized in hormone production
  4. d.
    Gonads that are identical in both sexes throughout life

Answer

A. Gonads that can develop into either testes or ovaries

11-11 §11.2 source ↗

What hormone is primarily responsible for the masculinization of the brain during early development?
  1. a.
    Progesterone
  2. b.
    Estrogen
  3. c.
    Anti-Müllerian hormone
  4. d.
    Cortisol

Answer

B. Estrogen

11-13 §11.2 source ↗

What is the primary difference between organizational and activational effects of hormones?
  1. a.
    Organizational effects are temporary, while activational effects are permanent
  2. b.
    Organizational effects occur during adulthood, while activational effects occur during early development
  3. c.
    Organizational effects are permanent and shape developmental pathways, while activational effects are reversible and occur throughout life
  4. d.
    Organizational effects involve the secretion of hormones, while activational effects do not

Answer

C. Organizational effects are permanent and shape developmental pathways, while activational effects are reversible and occur throughout life

11-15 §11.3 source ↗

How does X chromosome inactivation work in XX individuals?
  1. a.
    Both X chromosomes are fully active
  2. b.
    One X chromosome is randomly inactivated
  3. c.
    The Y chromosome compensates for the second X
  4. d.
    Both X chromosomes are partially active

Answer

B. One X chromosome is randomly inactivated

11-17 §11.3 source ↗

Which brain region is enlarged in male rats due to early exposure to testosterone?
  1. a.
    Amygdala
  2. b.
    Posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTp)
  3. c.
    Hippocampus
  4. d.
    Cerebellum

Answer

B. Posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTp)

11-19 §11.3 source ↗

What role do dendritic spines in the hippocampus play in response to ovarian hormones?
  1. a.
    They undergo rapid and reversible changes in response to hormone levels
  2. b.
    They remain unchanged regardless of hormone fluctuations
  3. c.
    They are involved in regulating stress hormones
  4. d.
    They decrease in number as hormone levels rise

Answer

A. They undergo rapid and reversible changes in response to hormone levels

11-21 §11.4 source ↗

Which sex is more likely to exhibit depression-like behaviors following early life stress according to research?
  1. a.
    Males
  2. b.
    Females
  3. c.
    Both equally
  4. d.
    Neither sex is affected

Answer

B. Females

11-23 §11.4 source ↗

Which of the following best describes a type of sex difference in brain circuits?
  1. a.
    The same neural circuit always drives identical behaviors in both males and females.
  2. b.
    Some neural circuits are more sensitive to changes in one sex, leading to differences in the strength or duration of the response.
  3. c.
    All neural circuits respond equally to environmental changes in both sexes.
  4. d.
    Oxytocin has the same effect on social behaviors in both males and females.

Answer

B. Some neural circuits are more sensitive to changes in one sex, leading to differences in the strength or duration of the response.

Fill in the Blank 11.1 §11.1 source ↗

________ during meiosis contributes to genetic diversity by creating new combinations of alleles.

Answer

Homologous recombination

Fill in the Blank 11.3 §11.3 source ↗

________ is a condition where females have only one X chromosome, leading to various developmental and physiological effects, including reduced hippocampal volume.

Answer

Turner syndrome

Fill in the Blank 11.5 §11.4 source ↗

________ like testosterone and estrogen are derived from cholesterol and are fat-soluble, allowing them to penetrate cell membranes and exert their effects on target tissues.

Answer

Steroid hormones

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Problems and answers are adapted from Introduction to Behavioral Neuroscience by Elizabeth D. Kirby, Melissa J. Glenn, Noah J. Sandstrom and Christina L. Williams, OpenStax, and are used under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/introduction-behavioral-neuroscience/pages/1-introduction. Illustrations: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This adaptation is released under the same licence, is non-commercial, and is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by OpenStax or Rice University.