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Chapter 16: Homeostasis

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Chapter 16: Homeostasis

15 problems · 0 figures

16-1 §16.1 source ↗

How might set points for specific factors change over a 24-hour circadian period?
  1. a.
    They always remain constant throughout the day and night
  2. b.
    They typically decrease during the day and increase at night
  3. c.
    They may fluctuate slightly depending on the factor and the organism
  4. d.
    They vary based on environmental conditions

Answer

C. They may fluctuate slightly depending on the factor and the organism

16-3 §16.1 source ↗

Sometimes drivers pass by a highway patrol system that automatically measures their speed and displays how fast they are driving. If driving over the speed limit, most drivers will slow down. This can be considered an example of:
  1. a.
    A negative feedback loop
  2. b.
    Allostasis
  3. c.
    Homeostasis
  4. d.
    An autonomic response

Answer

A. A negative feedback loop

16-5 §16.1 source ↗

During an immediate threat to survival, what does allostasis allow an organism to do?
  1. a.
    Maintain internal physiological conditions within the normal range
  2. b.
    Increase the speed by which control and effector systems counteract deviations from a set point
  3. c.
    Persevere against short-term challenges by temporarily adjusting set points
  4. d.
    Ignore environmental challenges for a brief period

Answer

C. Persevere against short-term challenges by temporarily adjusting set points

16-7 §16.1 source ↗

The neuroendocrine system regulates homeostasis by releasing ________ that affect target organs throughout the brain and body.
  1. a.
    neurotrophic factors
  2. b.
    cytokines
  3. c.
    small molecule neurotransmitters
  4. d.
    hormones

Answer

D. hormones

16-9 §16.2 source ↗

How does the medullary cardiovascular control center (MCCC) affect heart rate?
  1. a.
    It has no effect on heart rate
  2. b.
    It increases heart rate
  3. c.
    It decreases heart rate
  4. d.
    It either increases or decreases heart rate depending on blood oxygenation levels

Answer

D. It either increases or decreases heart rate depending on blood oxygenation levels

16-11 §16.3 source ↗

What is the primary source of heat for endothermic animals?
  1. a.
    Metabolism
  2. b.
    The environment
  3. c.
    Sunlight
  4. d.
    Thermal vents

Answer

A. Metabolism

16-13 §16.4 source ↗

The release of the hormone ________ is inversely proportional to the stretch of the stomach.
  1. a.
    ghrelin
  2. b.
    CCK
  3. c.
    amylin
  4. d.
    leptin

Answer

A. ghrelin

16-15 §16.4 source ↗

Artificial stimulation of the OVLT would cause an increase in the release of ________ from the pituitary gland.
  1. a.
    POMC
  2. b.
    AgRP
  3. c.
    ADH
  4. d.
    PYY

Answer

C. ADH

16-17 §16.4 source ↗

Why might drinking a large volume of water make you feel temporarily full?
  1. a.
    Water has a calming effect on the nervous system
  2. b.
    Stomach expansion in response to water
  3. c.
    Water causes the release of appetite suppressing hormones
  4. d.
    Ingesting water activates NTS neurons in the brainstem

Answer

B. Stomach expansion in response to water

16-19 §16.4 source ↗

Immediately after a meal
  1. a.
    The activity of POMC neurons is high and you experience a feeling of hunger
  2. b.
    The activity of POMC neurons is high and you experience a feeling of fullness
  3. c.
    The activity of AgRP neurons is high you experience a feeling of hunger
  4. d.
    The activity of AgRP neurons is high you experience a feeling of fullness

Answer

B. The activity of POMC neurons is high and you experience a feeling of fullness

16-21 §16.5 source ↗

Which neural population is involved in sensing blood osmolarity?
  1. a.
    AgRP neurons
  2. b.
    SFO neurons
  3. c.
    POMC neurons
  4. d.
    POA neurons

Answer

B. SFO neurons

16-23 §16.5 source ↗

If blood plasma osmolarity is high all the following responses will occur, except:
  1. a.
    Increased ADH release
  2. b.
    Increased water reabsorption in the kidneys
  3. c.
    Increased release of ghrelin
  4. d.
    Increased motivation to drink

Answer

C. Increased release of ghrelin

Fill in the Blank 16.1 §16.1 source ↗

Animals maintain homeostasis by maintaining internal values for life-sustaining factors at optimal ________.

Answer

set points

Fill in the Blank 16.3 §16.3 source ↗

The ________ area of the hypothalamus directly measures core body temperature.

Answer

pre-optic

Fill in the Blank 16.5 §16.4 source ↗

Neurons that express ________ increase their activity the longer an animal has gone without eating food.

Answer

AgRP

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Problems and answers are adapted from Introduction to Behavioral Neuroscience by Elizabeth D. Kirby, Melissa J. Glenn, Noah J. Sandstrom and Christina L. Williams, OpenStax, and are used under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/introduction-behavioral-neuroscience/pages/1-introduction. Illustrations: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This adaptation is released under the same licence, is non-commercial, and is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by OpenStax or Rice University.